Ap Art History Roman Art Flashcards

Pompeii: House of the Vettii-2nd century- 1st century bce-Stone and fresco-Pompeii, Italy-Had atriums, cubiculum, and impluvium-Open style hall-Axial plane where the rooms are designed on a central axis-Two brothers made House they might have been slaves but then made money and got a decent money and became merchants

Veristic Male Portrait -Highlights imperfections and flaws in humans-Showing wisdom -noble ideals

Head of a Roman Patrician-75-50 bce-Marble-Rome-(Made by otricoli)-Aristocrat, he wears his endeavors in his expression-Realistic face called a veristic portrait-Verism: defined as a sort of hyper realism, not idealistic-Bulldog features; overhanging flesh; deep crannies in face-Full of experience and wisdom traits roman patricians would have desired-Features may have been exaggerated by artist to enhance republican virtues-No emotion/ ego

Augustus of Primaporta-20 ce-Marble-Rome- Villa of Livia (his wife)-Idealized view of roman emperor: younger, athletic, -handsomer-Contrapposto- weight on one hip/ opposite sides-(Confusion between god and man intentional;) sense of diving rule(-Standing barefoot indicate he is sacred ground)-Breastplate: propaganda battle message, detailed with narrative-May have carried a sword pointing down in his left hand-Ar base: cupid on the back of the dolphin- reference of augustus's divine descent from venus/ he is similar to a god-(He traced his lineage back to cupid's brother)

Colosseum-72 c.e.-Made from concrete core, brick around it, over the brick was stone facing travantine-Rome, Italy -Columns that are integrated varied with the different styles: Tuscan(a form of Doric without fluting and with a base), ionic, Corinthian-Events: fights, mock battles, ship races, executions -Barrel vault with the arches the allow entrance -Used concrete over stone because it's more flexible, moldable, didn't need skilled labor and quicker, then put on decoration.

The Forum of Trajan-106-112 ce-concrete, brick, stone-Rome, Italy-Caesar's engineer, apollodorus of Damascus built the forum to showcase his political power -Administrative center, commercial center, political and social center -On top of the entrance was a sculpture of a chariot pulled by 6 horses w/ the emperor trajan followed by the goddess of victory -Part of a complex that included the basilica of ulpia, the markets of trajan, and the column of trajan

Markets of Trajan -106-112 ce-Brick and concrete-Rome-Multilevel mall: story on top of story-Semicircular building held several levels of shops/ market place/ brick facing-Main space groin-vaulted; barrel-vaulted shops- windows made from concrete-(Modern day mall)

Column of Trajan-112 bce-Marble-Rome -A story of trajan's great military exploits, narrative, around the entire thing, relief-On top was a sculpture of Trajan but now it is st. peter-Mausoleum Burial chamber of trajan, whose ashes were placed in the base -Has 2 libraries (greek+roman) on the each side of the column

The Pantheon-118- 125 ce-Concrete-Rome-(Marcus Agrippa)-8 columns in the front that were corthinan-Gods home: statues of gods lining the perimeter-Celebrated/dedicated for roman emperors-dome with hole for light-front facade is hiding the building itself making it look like a temple

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus-250-260 CE/ Imperial Roman Period-Marble-Rome-Narrative of Roman army defeating the barbarians -High relief people stand out-The Romans and Goths are mixed together to show disorganization- Romans are shown as more calm and righteous -The figures at the top bigger and the size decrease as the figures go down to give the impression of someone watching the battle from a higher place

Atrium

roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house

Impluvium

the sunken part (under the floor) of the atrium in a Greek or Roman house

Cubiculum

a private room in an ancient Roman house occupied by a high-status family, along the perimeter of the atrium

Facade

outer facing of a building

Arcade

row of arches

Engaged columns

columns integrated into the structure

Barrel vault

formation of a half cylinder, hallway like

Groin Vault

2 vaults that are intersecting

Spandrels

area above and between arches

Composite Capital

including both Corinth and ionic style of capitals together

Tuscan capital

similar to Doric, rounded bottom with slab

Aqueducts

brought water in from 20-30 miles away for the city

forum

Used for public events like parades, festivals

coffers

Pattern on ceiling, square panels, reduces weight of dome

doric capital

simplest, column with shafts, with no base at the bottom

ionic capital

volute like capitals, columns sit on bases, a little fancier than doric

corinthian

details of leaves, straight columns which had bases to the floor, and the fanciest capital

fresco

a painting technique using water-based paint onto a plastered wall

contrapposto

unbalanced weight