Ap Euro Unit 3: Absolutism And Constitutionalism (Royal Absolutism, Pt. 2) Flashcards
Philip III
From 1598-1621, under this king's direction, it became clear that Spain had become a weak state due to over-spending on military and court expenses
Phillip IV
Spanish king who brought temporary hope for recovery and glory by attempting to curtail the power of the Catholic Church, aristocracy, and instituting reform (1621-1665).
"300 Germanies"
The result of the Peace of Westphalia where the Holy Roman Empire was no comprised of individual autonomous and sovereign states
Hohenzollern Dynasty
Powerful family that came to rule significant lands in northeast Germany in 1415, and eventually acquired vast territories by the 17th century that became Brandenburg-Prussia.
Brandenburg-Prussia
Three disconnected masses of territory in western, central, and eastern Germany.
Frederick William the Great Elector
Laid the foundation for the Prussian state in the midst of the 30 Years' War by creating an efficient standing army and bureaucracy.
General War Commissariat
Established by Frederick William to administer the army, but eventually became the body that oversaw governance and bureaucracy.
junkers
Landed aristocracy of Prussia who served in the General War Commissariat and the army.
Serfdom
The feudal condition of being permanently bound to land owned by someone else.
King Frederick I
Son of Frederick William who, in return for helping the HRE, was granted the title King. Prior he was an "elector." (1688-1713)
Austria
German state ruled by the Habsburg dynasty comprised of diverse nationalities in central, southern and eastern Europe.
Leopold I
Leopold I was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and King of Serbia. Leopold's reign is known for the conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the east, and the rivalry with Louis XIV, a contemporary and first cousin, in the west. (1658-1705)
Treaty of Karlowitz
After defeating the Ottomans in 1687, Austria took control of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia
Ivan IV
Known as "The Terrible," he was the first ruler to take the title of tsar, and expanded Russian territories to the east.
boyars
Russian nobility whose power was crushed by Ivan IV.
Time of Troubles
Period of political crisis in Russia that followed the demise of the Rurik dynasty (1598) and ended with the establishment of the Romanov dynasty (1613). Characterized by foreign intervention, peasant uprisings, and the attempts of pretenders to seize the throne.
Peter the Great
Tsar of Russia known for westernizing Russia's military and political system--created a standing army and took control of the Russian Orthodox Church. (1689-1725)
procurator
A layman directly responsible to the tsar with responsibility of oversight of the Russian Orthodox Church.
"Window to the West"
Peter the Great's desire to have a port easily accessible to Europe through the Baltic.
Christian IV
Danish king whose power was limited by a system of electing monarchs forced them to share power with the Danish nobility.
First Estate
Created when Chief Minister Axel Oxenstierna asked Gustavus Adolphus that occupied bureaucratic positions in the Swedish government creating a stable monarchy.
Charles XI
Swedish monarch who build the monarchy into an absolute monarchy by retaking control of crown lands and revenues from the nobility.
Ottoman Empire
Created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. Swept through southeast Europe and threatened Austria.
Sultan Suleiman
Known as "The Magnificent," helped the Ottomans advance up the Danube seizing Belgrade and Hungary. (1520-1566)
Janissaries
Well organized Ottoman military made from Christian boys who had been taken from their parents and converted to Islam, and subjected to rigid military discipline