Ap Human Geography Unit 2 Population Flashcards
Carrying Capacity
The population beyond which a given environment cannot provide support without becoming significantly damagedMore accurate representation of overpopulation
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Number of births per year per thousand people
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Average number of children born to a woman in her reproductive life time
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
When there is no increase or decrease in poplation
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The deaths per year per 1000 people
Population Pyramid
Percentage of the total population in fiver year age groupsYoungest at bottom oldest at topMales on left Females on rightLength of bar represents the percentage of the total population
Dependency Ratio
The percentage of population that is either too young or too old to work compared to the working populationYouth = 0-14 years old, Too Eldery= over 65 years old
Sex Ratio
Number of males per 100 females in the populationDeveloped Countries have more women than men
Epidemiological Transition
The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution and control of diseasesFor each stage of model there are specific health threats
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared to total live births
Migration
Long term relocation of an individual, household or larger group to a new locale
Emigration
Leaving a place
Immigration
Going to a new place
Internal Migration
Moving while staying within a country, region etc.
Intervening Oppurtunity
When an opportunity presents itself along the way stopping or altering migration
Net Migration
Volume of immigrants- emigrants
Refugee
A person who has been forced to move to avoid political issues and cannot return without fear of persecution
Interregional Migration
Moving from one region and moving to a different region
Arithmetic Density
Dividing a regions total area by its population
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
Subtracting the number of deaths from the number of births
Physiological Density
Dividing population by the amount of arable land
Agricultural Density
Compare the number of farmers to the area of arable land
Overpopulation
Having more people that it can support
Ecumene
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Doubling Time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Demographic Equation
Births - Deaths + Immigrants - Emigrants
Demographic Momentum
Population will continue to grow after the total fertility rate has dropped because the population is gone
J-Curve
Shows exponential population growth
S-Curve
Shows exponential population growth and then the following slow down
Chain Migration
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
Forced Migration
Migrants have had to move because of factor outside of their control
Guest Workers
Workers who legally migrate to more developed countries as part of a government program
Voluntary Migration
Migrant has chosen to move for economic purposes
Intervening Obstacle
Barriers that make reaching their desired destination more difficult
Quotas
Maximum limits on a number of people who could migrate
Migration Transition
Changes in a society comparable to those in the demographic transition
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
asylum seeker
Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee
Brain Drain
Large-scale emigration by talented people
demographic transition
change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
demographics
the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border
International Migration
Permanent movement from one country to another.
Intraregional Migration
Permanent movement within one region of a country.
life expectancy
A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live
push factors
Factors that induce people to leave old residences.
pull factors
Factors that induce people to move to a new location.
Remittances
Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries
Step Migration
Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city