Art Movements And Styles Flashcards
Abstract art
Created with shape, form, color and line with some independence from visual references in the world
ASCII art
artwork created using a graphic design technique with text editors using ASCII compliant characters
Art brut
Aka Outsider Art. Created outside boundaries of official culture, by for example kids or psychiatric hospital patients
Abstract Expressionism
Aimed at subjective emotional expression with particular emphasis on the creative spontaneous act
Abstract illusionism
Abstract works rendered with a sense of perspective, depth, and shadow
3D printing
Additive manufacturing; art created by synthesizing 3D objects from digital 3D models
Academic art
Painting and sculpture produced following standards of European academies of art
Action painting
Paint spontaneously dribbled, splashed, or smeared onto the canvas
Aestheticism
Movement supports emphasis of aesthetic values over political and social themes; art for art's sake
Altermodern
Art made in today's global context as a reaction against standardization and commercialism
American Barbizon school
Noted for its simple pastoral scenes painted from nature. Rural, often with peasants and animals
American impressionism
Characterized by loose brushwork and vivid colors
American realism
Depicted contemporary social realities and everyday lives of ordinary people in the US
American regionalism
Realist modern art movement depicting scenes of rural and small town USA, mostly midwest/south
Analytical art
Characterized by dense, minutely faceted and flat surfaces, built from the particular to the general
Antipodean art
By a group of Australians asserting the importance of figurative art, against abstract expressionism
Arabesque
Decorations of rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling, interlacing foliage, tendrils or plain lines
Art deco
Mixes traditional crafts motifs with machine age imagery, often using rich color & geometric shapes
Tachisme
Spontaneous brushwork, drips and blobs of paint straight from the tube and sometimes scribbling
Art Nouveau
Decorative art style with intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms
Arte povera
Making use of worthless or common materials in the hope of subverting the commercialization of art
Arts and crafts movement
Traditional craftsmanship using simple forms, often medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration
Ashcan school
Known for portraying scenes of daily life in New York, often in the city's poorer neighborhoods
Assemblage
Usually created on a defined substrate that consists of 3D elements projecting out of the substrate
Auto-destructive art
Destroys itself by disintegrating/transforming into a new form. Use of acid, explosives, lights, etc
Anti-art
Rejection of prior definitions of art, questioning art in general. Does it exist? What makes it art?
Barbizon school
Movement towards realism, known for its tonal qualities, color, loose brushwork & softness of form.
Baroque
Exaggerated motion and clear detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur.
Bauhaus
German art school uniting art creativity and manufacturing, art and industrial design.
Classical realism
Love for the visible world and traditions of Western art, drawn from direct observation of nature.
Color Field
Abstract, uses fields of flat solid color making areas of unbroken surface and a flat picture plane
Context art
Aka Kontext Kunst. Art critiquing reality and analyzing/creating social processes.
Algorithmic art
The design is generated by an algorithm, which was devised by the artist. Computer generated.
Concrete art
"Art Concret," created by the mind, abstract without any influence from the visible natural world
Digital painting
Use of computer graphic software and a virtual canvas and virtual painting box with special effects
Anime
Japanese drawings or computer animations with vibrant characters, often with large emotive eyes
Digital art
Broad field, any art using digital tech as an essential part of the creative or presentation process
Conceptual art
The concept/idea is more important than the aesthetic, it could be built by following instructions
Fractal art
Type of algorithmic art created by calculating fractal objects, representing the calculation results
Constructivism
Favors "construction" of art; might feature photomontage, shapes, bright colors for social purposes
Generative art
Has, in whole or in part, been created by an autonomous system, which can make decisions on its own
Cubism
Objects are analyzed, broken up, and reassembled in an abstracted form using various viewpoints
Software art
Creation of software or concepts of software as art. Applications made by artists as art
Dadaism
Anti-bourgeois movement rejecting logic, embracing chaos, a form of anti-art, intended to offend
Danube school
Innovative German & Austrian painters/printmakers creating landscapes and highly expressive figures
Dau al Set
An offshoot of surrealism and dada, using the world of dreams with scientific and magical undertones
Internet art
Browser based art, usually interactive installations viewers can access on the internet
De Stijl
AKA Neoplasticism. Abstraction and universality, reduction of form and color using only black, white and primary colors
Excessivism
Reflection of life in excessive state, depicts excessive use of resources in an exaggerated way
Expressionism
The world from a subjective perspective, distorting it for emotional effect to evoke moods or ideas
Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
Using the techniques of the Old Masters for realism combined with religious and esoteric symbolism
Fauvism
Emphasized painterly qualities and strong colors over realistic values of impressionism
Feminist art
Created to make the viewer question the social and political norms of society in relation to women
Figurative art
The opposite of abstract art; work clearly derived from real object sources, thus representational
Figuration Libre
The French "Bad" Painting movement; a deliberate disrespect for accuracy and standards; "free form"
Folk art
By an indigenous culture, peasants or laboring tradespeople; primarily utilitarian and decorative
Fluxus
DIY aesthetic, like Dada but with positive social aspirations; art kits, performances and more
Futurism
Emphasized speed, tech, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, plane, industrial city
Geometric abstraction
A form of abstract art based on use of geometric forms sometimes, placed in non-illusionistic space
Street art
Visual arts in public spaces, usually unsanctioned, incl. graffiti, projections, yarn bombing, etc
Glitch art
Art of digital/analog errors such as "bugs" created by corrupting data or manipulating devices
Gutai group
Post-war Japan: performative painting for ex. smashing paint, and aesthetics of destruction as art
Gothic art
Medieval, figures more animated in pose and expressions, smaller and arranged freely in the space
Harlem Renaissance
African American movement promoting racial and social integration with overt racial pride
Heidelberg school
Australian artists en plein air offer a visual complement to folk tales, impressionistic daily life
Hudson River school
19th century America, themed around discovery, exploration, and settlement. Depicts landscapes
Hyperrealism
Painting or sculpture that resemble a high-resolution photograph, often narrative and emotive
Impressionism
Relatively small brushstrokes, emphasis on accurate depiction of light, movement, ordinary subjects
Institutional critique
Practice meant to critique the institutions involved in the sale, display, and commerce of art
International gothic
Stylized tall people, long beards, swaying figures, exotic clothes, crowded scenes, late 14th cent.
Kinetic art
Art with movement perceivable by the viewer or depends on motion, even if only from certain angles
Land art
Earthworks, in which landscapes and the work of art are inextricably linked, created in nature
Infinitesimal art
The Letterists' notion of pieces which could never be created in reality and should be imagined
Lowbrow
Underground, populist movement with roots in underground comix and punk music, often with a sense of humor which is gleeful, impish or sarcastic
Lyrical abstraction
Opposed Cubist and Surrealist movements, as well as Geometric Abstraction. Painterly abstraction that represents an opening to personal expression
Magic realism
What happens when a highly detailed, realistic setting is invaded by something too strange to believe.
Mannerism
Influenced by High Renaissance, but exaggerates proportion, balance, and ideal beauty. Often asymmetrical or unnaturally elegant.
Massurrealism
A mix of styles of Surrealism & Mass Media. emphasizes the effect of technology and mass media on contemporary Surrealist imagery
Maximalism
A reaction against minimalism is esthetic of excess and redundancy. "More is more"
Metaphysical art
Dreamlike works with sharp contrast of light and shadow, often with vaguely threatening, mysterious quality
Mingei
Japanese folk arts, arts of the people, made by anonymous crafts people, produced by hand in quantity, inexpensive, functional and used by the masses
Minimalism
Pared-down design elements, often geometric forms; purged of much metaphor, equality of parts, repetition, neutral surfaces and industrial materials
Modernism
Creations of those who felt the traditional forms of art and activities were becoming outdated. Make it new! Divisionist painting and abstract art
Naïve Art
Any form of visual art created by a person who lacks the formal education and training of a pro. Childlike simplicity and frankness
Neoclassicism
Western movements inspired by classical art and culture from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. A hint of staging and artificial lighting as an opera
Neo-dada
Exemplified by its use of modern materials, popular imagery, and absurdist contrast
Neo-expressionism
Late 1970's, a reaction against conceptual and minimal art. Shows recognizable objects in a rough and violently emotional way, often with vivid colors
Neoism
Parodistic "-ism", with collectively shared pseudonyms, pranks, paradoxes, plagiarism, fakes; avoids labels and definitions by having no real content
Neorealism
Atmosphere of authenticity, with a sense of historical actuality and accuracy. Anarchy, structure, national interest, distribution of power, polarity
Op Art
Optical art, style that uses optical illusions. Abstract, often in black & white; typically shows movement, flashing, hidden images, swelling, warping
Orphism
Offshoot of Cubism that focuses on pure abstraction and bright colors, influenced by Fauvism
Photorealism
Graphic media, in which the artist studies a photo and attempts to reproduce it as realistically as possible in another medium
Pixel Art
A form of digital art created through the use of raster graphics software, where images are edited on the pixel level
En Plein Air
Painting outdoors, where the painter reproduces the actual visual conditions seen at the time of the painting
Pointillism
Small, distinct dots of colors applied in patterns to form an image, branching from impressionism
Pop Art
Included imagery from pop culture such as advertising and news. Sometimes material was visually removed from its known context
Post-impressionism
Extended impressionism by continuing use of vivid colors and real life subjects, but emphasized geometric forms, distorted forms and arbitrary color
Precisionism
First indigenous modern art movement in the US, celebrating skyscrapers, bridges, and factories
Primitivism
Western art movement that borrows visual forms from non-Western or prehistoric peoples
Process art
The end product of art and craft is not the principal focus, the process is; gathering, sorting, collating, the initiations of actions and proceedings
Psychedelic art
Inspired by psychedelic experiences and hallucinations known to follow the ingestion of psychoactive drugs such as LSD and psilocybin
Realism
An attempt to represent subject matter truthfully; no artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements
Renaissance
Development of highly realistic linear perspective, treating a painting as a window into space; perspective was formalized as an artistic technique
Rococo
Ornate style which used light colors, asymmetrical designs, curves, and gold, using playful and witty themes
Romanesque
Byzantine iconographic models, Christ in Majesty; bright colors, mostly primary; compositions with little depth and squeezed into shapes of medium
Romanticism
Heroic element combined with idealism; a return to nature, belief in the goodness of humanity, in justice for all, and in the senses and emotions
Shin-hanga
Japanese prints directed at the western world; naturalistic light, colored lines, soft colors, 3D, and deep space, often depicting tranquil scenarios
Shock art
Disturbing imagery, sounds, or scents to create a shocking experience, to "disturb smug, complacent, and hypocritical people."
Socialist realism
Style of realistic art developed in the Soviet Union and a dominant style in various socialist countries; glorified depiction of communist values
Sots art
Soviet Pop Art, a reaction against Socialist Realism, similar in intent to American Pop Art
Stuckism
Founded in London to advance new figurative painting with ideas as the most vital artistic means of addressing contemporary issues; anti-anti-art
Superflat
Japanese contemporary art movement, super-slick gloss that mixes Anime and traditional block prints, with some influence by pop art. Cute and bizarre
Superstroke
Contemporary with origins in South Africa, with super excessive and expressive brushstrokes; can be abstract or not, often uses math symbols - + =
Suprematism
Focused on basic geometric forms, circles, squares, lines, etc, painted in a limited range of colors; the supremacy of pure artistic feeling
Surrealism
Aims to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality," illogical scenes, surprise, unexpected juxtaposition, non sequitur etc
Symbolism
Mythological, biblical, dream imagery, obscure references. Works of spiritual value, depicting love, fear, death, anguish, desire, sexual awakening
Synchronism
Based on the idea that color and sound are similar phenomena and that the colors in a painting can be orchestrated in the same harmonious way as music
Toyism
By masked artists, under a pseudonym and "puppet" (logo). Figurative, story telling, dots, contemporary, joyous at first sight, and colors don't mix
Tonalism
Style that emerged in the 1880 when American artists began to paint landscapes with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist
Ukiyo-e
Japanese genre from 17th–19th centuries; artists made woodblock prints and paintings of females, kabuki actors, sumo starlets, and later landscapes
Vanitas
Often still life paintings. "Vanus" means "empty". May use skulls, rotten fruit, bubbles, smoke, and hourglasses as reminders of certainty of death
Verdadism
Figurative abstract paintings shared alongside written social commentaries. Simplification of form, broad areas of flat primary colors, elongated
Video Art
Art form which relies on moving pictures in a visual and audio medium
Video Game Art
Specialized form of computer art employing video games as the artistic medium; often involves the use of patched, repurposed, or modded video games
Vorticism
Angular abstraction capturing movement, painting modern life as an array of bold lines and harsh colors drawing the eye to the center of the canvas