Atomic Structure Unit Exam Flashcards
Atom
Building blocks of matter
Nucleus
the positively charged dense center of an atom
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge, found in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge, found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Quark
6 types of particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons
Electron Cloud Model
The current model for atomic structure
Democritus
Greek philosopher who theorized that all matter could be reduced to particles that could not be divided, which he described as "atomos"
Mendeleev
Chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements based on atomic mass.
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
Mass Number
Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different mass due to the number of neutrons
Half Life
Time it takes for half of an isotope to decay
Periodic Table of Elements
A table that classifies elements by their physical and chemical properties
Period
Rows in the periodic table of elements
1st Energy Level
Holds 2 electrons
2nd Energy Level
Holds 8 electrons
3rd Energy Level
Holds 8 + 10 electrons
Radioactivity
The process of nuclear decay
Three types of nuclear radiation
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
Group
Columns in the periodic table of elements
S Block
The orange blocks
P Block
The yellow blocks
D Block
The green blocks
F Block
The purple (pink) blocks
1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(2)
Electron configuration for Carbon
1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s(2) 3p(6) 4s(2) 3d(7)
Electron configuration for Cobalt
[Ne] 3s(1)
Electron configuration for Sodium
[Xe] 6s(2) 4f(6)
Electron configuration for Samarium
[Kr] 5s(2) 4d(10) 5p(4)
Electron configuration for Tellurium
Electrons in the outermost energy ring are called
valence electrons
Electrons not in the outermost ring are
Shielded electrons
How many neutrons are in Antimony
70 or 71
Halogens are found in this group
Group 17
Nobel Gases are found in this group
group 18
alpha radiation
Helium nuclei, big particle, shielded by paper
Beta radiation
electron radiation, small particle, shielded by lead
Gamma radiation
energy radiation, material shielding not so effective, distance helps, very dangerous
characteristic of Alkali metals
blows up in water!
characteristic of Nobel Gases
Inert and don't react easily with other elements
H2O2
Hydrogen Peroxide
Oxidizer
Makes fuel burn more viciously
Synthetic elements
Man Made elements usually made in a lab and most are radioactive because of unstable nucleus.
Catalyst
Something that makes reactions go faster without becoming part of the reaction (yeast was an example in our lab)
Most loved team in the NFL
Washington Redskins