Bone Physiology Flashcards
What basic physiological process would occur in the body to correct for the condition of hypocalcemia?
Reabsorption
What stage of endochondral ossification is associated with invasion of a nutrient artery through the perichondrium and calcifying cartilage?
Development of the primary ossification center
Describe the different physiological processes involved in bone lengthening versus bone widening
Lengthening occurs through interstitial growth of cartilage at the epiphyseal plate. Widening occurs through appositional growth beneath the periosteum.
A friend with a young child knows that you are taking anatomy and physiology this semester. She wants to know whether her child's bones grow up or down to account for her child's increase in height. What is wrong with this thinking?
Long bones grow in both directions, away from the diaphysis.
Calcitonin
- Released by Thyroid Gland- Activates osteoblasts (increases)- Inhibits osteoclasts activity- reduces blood calcium levels by accelerating calcium deposition into bone.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- secreted by parathyroid glands- uses negative feedback to respond to low levels of blood calcium- Activates osteoclasts (increases)- increases reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys so that less is lost in the urine
Calcitriol
- is the activated form of Vitamin D- Released by Kidneys- promotes absorption of calcium in the GI tract so less is lost during digestion- elevates blood calcium by increasing bone reabsorption through diet.
What are the long-term consequences if damage has occurred to the epiphyseal plate?
Premature ossification of epiphyseal plate will lead to a decrease in bone growth.
Which canals run horizontally within compact bone and connect adjacent osteonic central canals?
perforating canal
Which of the following contains osteocytes and lacunae?1. Compact bone2. Spongy bone
1 and 2 are correct
Two bone cells located in the periosteum and endosteum are:
Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
Select the two bones that make up the pectoral girdle.
Scapula and clavicle
What statements describe bone remodeling. Select all that apply.
- It occurs throughout your lifetime- It involves bone resorption- It involves bone deposition- It occurs at different rates at different locations.
Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?
osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
Select the phalanges in the great toe.
Proximal phalanx I and distal phalanx I