Boyle Flashcards ionicons-v5-c

Patristic Period

time and writings of the Church Fathers. These were the early Christians who defended the Gospel against misunderstandings and rival doctrines, wrote sermons and extensive commentaries on the Bible, recorded relevant events into Church history, and brought together the best thought of their age with their own Christian faith.

Pagan

non christain belived in many gods

Imperial Cult

is a form of state religion in which an emperor or a dynasty of emperors (or rulers of another title) are worshipped as demigods or deities.

● Martyr

- A person who is killed because of their religious beliefs

Apologists

- people who offer an argument in defense of something controversial. GBT

Orthodoxy -

- authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice.

Heresy

- A wrongful or incorrect teaching about the church

● Trinity -

The christian belief of a complete co-unity between the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

Bishop

a senior member of the Christian clergy, usually in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.

Logos Theology

Way for apologists to make sense of Christianity to pagan Greek philosophyJesus divine Reason, all who lived according to reason already had limited understanding of God

● Gnosticism-

A heretical movement that taught that the world was created and ruled by a lesser divinity, the demiurge, and that Christ was a heavenly spirit separate from Christ

Docetism

-the doctrine, important in Gnosticism, that Christ's body was not human but either a phantasm or of real but celestial substance, and that therefore his sufferings were only apparent.

Didache

A word that means "teaching" that described oral teaching to those who had already accepted Jesus.

Predestination

The Belief that your destiny is already determined by God at your birth. This conflicts with the human belief of free will.

● Dualism-

The belief in two Gods or Divines

● Theology-

Study of all Christian History and thought

● Ecumenical Council-

The ecumenical councils were called together to settle issues of faith among Christian groups. They were necessary because Christianity had diversified so much as an underground religion. They failed in their main purpose, though. They did not unite all Christians under one set of beliefs.

● Battle of the Milvian Bridge-

Battle between Constantine and his rival Maxentius over bridge across Tiber. Constantine won, establishing himself as sole ruler over Rome.

Edict of Milan-

The Edict of Milan was a letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire.

Arius/Arianism-

belief that Jesus Christ is the Son of God who was begotten by God the Father at a point in time, but he is a creature distinct from the Father and is therefore subordinate to him, but the Son is also God.

Nicene Creed-

A statement of belief instituted by the first Nicene Council, and it begins with: "I believe in one God,".

Monophysites-

a person who holds that in the person of Jesus Christ there is only one nature (wholly divine or only subordinately human), not two.

● Asceticism-

severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.

Monasticism/Cenobitic Monasticism-

Monasticism was the way of life of Monks that required them to be isolated from the world and a strong way of prayer. Cenobitic Monasticism is based on Monks living in a community with a routine of work and prayer.

● Manicheism-

Having a dualistic view of the world and being related to Mesopotamian Gnosticism, Manicheism shows a clear answer for evil and presents a dualistic concept of the human person.

Neoplatonism-

Known as Augustine's "intellectual bridge", the concept says that the one is beyond describing and says that matter could be directed towards good. The concept focuses on unity rather than duality.

Donatism-

A movement started by the Donatist people in North Africa that strongly criticized the Church and the Church's sacraments.

Original Sin-

The sin of Adam and Eve that all people are born with and is cleansed at the sacrament of Baptism. Could also refer to human natural aggressive tendencies.

Perpetua and Felicity

Heifer, young mothers, thrown into arena, gored by a cow, wrote diary of imprisonment

Marcion

- Wrote a heresy on how the New Testament and the Old Testament talk about different gods.

● Irenaus of Lyons

- Believed to be a native from Asia Minor, Irenaeus is most noted for writing the Adversus haereses, which defended the Catholic Church against gnostic views and interpretations.

● Origen of Alexandria-

He was the leading representative of the Alexandrian school noted for his allegorical exposition of the scripture and his use of platonic ideas in theology, specifically with Christology.

● Tertullian-

A major figure in early Latin theology, Tertullian is most noted for translating theological vocabulary from Latin to Greek.

● Constantine the Great

- Christian Convert, and Emperor of the Byzantine/Roman empire

● Theodosius I-

Made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

● Nestorius-

Nestorius vigorously emphasized the humanity in Christ, rather than Christ's divinity. He is also widely known for denying the word Theotokos, thus led to him being charged with heresy.

● Anthony of Egypt-

first Christian monk and father of Monasticism

● Augustine of Hippo-

Known as the most influential Patristic writer, Augustine was most known for being involved in the Donatist Controversy and the Pelagian Controversy. He is responsible for a lot of the Church's rules and teachings.

● Pelagius-

A British Monk who taught his followers that God gave people free reason and will and with the help of God's grace, people can overcome sin. Augustine opposed this because he saw this as an attack on salvation and brought up the issue of predestination.