Chemistry Chapter 15 Vocabulary Flashcards
surface tension
an inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid; it causes the surface to behave as if it were a thin skin
surfacant
any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension
aqueous solution
water that contains dissolved substances
solvent
the dissolving medium in a solution
solute
dissolved particles in a solution
solvation
a process that occurs when an ionic solute dissolves
electrolyte
a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state
nonelectrolyte
a compound that does not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or in the molten state
strong electrolyte
a solution in which a large portion of the solute exists as ions
weak electrolyte
a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions
hydrate
a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to each formula unit
suspension
a mixture from which some of the particles settle out slowly upon standing
colloid
a mixture whose particles are intermediate in size between those of a suspension and a solution
tyndall effect
scattering of light particles by particles in a colloid or suspension, which causes a beam of light to become visible
brownian motion
the chaotic movement of colloidal particles, caused by collision with particles of the solvent
emulsion
the colloidal dispersion of one liquid in another