Database Design Flashcards ionicons-v5-c

The body of information and facts about a specific subject.

Knowledge

End-user data

Raw facts of interest to the end-user

A(n) ____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.

Application program

The response of the DBMS to a query is the ____.

Query result set

____ is a set of tools that work together to provide an advanced data analysis environment for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse.

Online analytical processing

____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.

Unstructured

XML data is ___.

semistructured

The organization of the data within the folders in a manual file system was determined by ____.

its expected use

A ____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.

field

The phrase ____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.

database system

____ relates to the activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

performance tuning

A(n) ____ represents a particular type of object in the real world.

entity

A(n) ____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.

entity

A(n) ____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.

attribute

A(n) ____ is bidirectional.

relationship

A(n) ____ is a restriction placed on the data.

constraint

____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.

constraints

____ are normally expressed in the form of rules.

constraints

Students and classes have a ____ relationship.

many-to-many

_____ can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.

Business rules

A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) ____ in the data model.

entity

A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) ____ in the data model.

relationship

The hierarchical data model was developed in the ____.

1960s

The object-oriented data model was developed in the ____.

1980s

VMS/VSAM is an example of a(n) ____.

file system data model

Oracle 11g is an example of a(n) ____.

XML/Hybrid data model

MySQL is an example of a(n) ____.

relational data model

In the ____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.

hierarchical

In the ____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.

hierarchical

The relational data model was developed in the ____.

1970s

In the ____ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent.

network

A(n) ____ enables a database administrator to define schema components.

data definition language (DDL)

The ____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.

entity relationship

The ____ data model is said to be a semantic data model.

object-oriented

One of the limitations of the ____ model is that there is a lack of standards.

hierarchical

The ____ model is the end users' view of the data environment.

external

A(n) ____ model represents a global view of the database as viewed by the entire organization.

conceptual

The relational model's creator, E. F. Codd, used the term relation as a synonym for ____.

table

In the relational model, ____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.

keys

In the context of a database table, the statement "A ____ B" indicates that if you know the value of attribute A, you can look up the value of attribute B.

determines

The attribute B is ____ the attribute A if each value in column A determines one and only one value in column B.

functionally dependent on

Controlled ____ makes a relational database work.

redundancy

A ____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.

secondary

A ____ key can be described as a superkey without unnecessary attributes, that is, a minimal superkey.

candidate

A CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of ____ integrity.

entity

To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators ____, PROJECT, and JOIN.

SELECT

____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition.

SELECT

____ yields a vertical subset of a table.

PROJECT

____ yields only the rows that appear in both tables.

INTERSECT

In an outer join, the matched pairs would be retained and any unmatched values in the other table would be left ____.

null

A(n) ____ join only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined.

inner

A ____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.

data dictionary

The ____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.

system catalog

In a database context, the word ____ indicates the use of the same attribute name to label different attributes.

homonym

In a database context, a(n) ____ indicates the use of different names to describe the same attribute.

synonym

The ____ relational type is the "relational model ideal."

1:M

The ____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.

1:1

A(n) ____ is an ordered arrangement of keys and pointers.

index

When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) ____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.

unique

Codd's Rule of ____ states:Application programs and ad hoc facilities are logically unaffected when changes are made to the table structures that preserve the original table values (changing order of columns or inserting columns).

Logical Data Independence

Codd's Rule of ____ states:If the system supports low-level access to the data, users must not be allowed to bypass the integrity rules of the database

Nonsubersion

Most decision-support data are based on historical data obtained from ____.

operational databases

Most data you encounter is best classified as ____.

semistructured

A ____ is a collection of related records.

file

The relational database model enables you to view data ____ rather than ____.

logically, physically

A(n) ____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s).

natural

The ____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.

1:1