Exploring Medical Terminology (9th Edition) Chapter 4 Flashcards

dermatoconiosis

abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust

lekoderma

white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)

onychocryptosis

(aka ingrown nail) abnormal condition of a hidden nail

onychomycosis

abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails

trichomycosis

abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair

xeroderma

dry skin (mild form of cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)

abrasion

scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury

acne

inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

actinic keratosis

precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight (may involve squamous cell carcinoma)

albinism

congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial of total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis (seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue; common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure)

candidiasis

(aka thrush) infection of the skin, mouth, or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus Candida albicans; normally present in mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection

carbuncle

skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria

cellulitis

inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and fever

contusion

(aka bruise) injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration

eczema

noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness blisters, scabs, and itching

furuncle

(aka boil) painful skin node caused by a staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle

gangrene

death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacteria invasion (a form of necrosis)

herpes

inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters (Herpes simple: fever blisters, herpes zoster: shingles)

impetigo

superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or stretpococci

Kaposi sarcoma

cancerous condition starting as purple or brown pustules on the lower extremities that spreads though the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen with aids

lesion

any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease

invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated

pediculosis

invasion into the skin and hair by lice

psoriasis

chronic skin condition producing red resins covered with silvery scales

rosacea

chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30

scabies

skin infection caused by itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into outer layer of the skin and laying eggs; accompanied by sever itching

scleroderma

disease characterized by chronic hardening of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs

squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA)

malignant forth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue; unlike basal cell carcinoma there is significant potential for metastasis; most frequent cause is exposure to sunlight

systemic lupus erythemetosus (SLE)

chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system; this autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation, also may effect the internal organs

tinea

(aka ringworm) fungal infection of the skin; the fungus may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails; infections classified in the body as tine capitis: scalp, tines corporis: body, and tine pedis: athletes foot

urticaria

(aka hives) itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sizes and shapes; includes swelling of the airways

vitiligo

white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders

biopsy (bx)

removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope

dermatoautoplasty

(skin graph, aka autograph) surgical repair using one's own skin

dermatoheteroplasty

(skin graph, aka allograph) surgical repair using skin from others

dermatome

instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin graphs)

dermatoplasty

surgical repair of the skin

onychectomy

excision of a nail

rhytidectomy

(aka face lift) excision of wrinkles

rhytidoplasty

surgical repair of wrinkles

cauterization

(aka cautery) destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance

cryosurgery

destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen

debridement

removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound

dermabrasion

procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper

excision

removal by cutting

incision

surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument

incision and drainage (I&D)

surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity

laser surgery

procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue

Mohs surgery

technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of a skin cancer

suturing

to stich edges of a wound surgically

dermatologist

physician who studies and treats skin

dermatology (derm)

study of the skin

epidermal

pertaining to upon the skin

erythroderma

red skin (abnormal redness of the skin)

hypodermic

pertaining to under the skin

intradermal (ID)

pertaining to within the skin

keratogenic

originating in horny tissue

necrosis

abnormal condition of death (cells and tissue die because of disease)

percutaneous

pertaining to through the skin

staphylococcus (staph)

berry-shaped in grapelike clusters (cause many skin diseases)

streptococcus

berry-shaped in twisted chains

subcutaneous (subcut)

pertaining to under the skin

transdermal (TD)

pertaining to through the skin

ungual

pertaining to the nail

xanthoderma

(aka jaundice) yellow skin

alopecia

loss of hair

bacteria

single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue

cicatrix

scar

cyst

closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised

diaphoresis

sweating

ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)

escape of blood into the skin (or mucus membrane), causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein

edema

puffy swelling of tissue form the accumulation of fluid

erythema

redness

fungus

organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infections by invading body tissue; single-celled bud (yeast); multi-celled form spores (mold)

induration

abnormal hard spot(s)

jaundice

(aka xanthoderma) condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin

keloid

overgrowth of scar tissue

leukoplakia

condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membranes, which may be percutaneous

macule

flat, colored spot on the skin

nevus (pl. nevi)

(aka mole) circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh-colored; a congenital nevus is present at birth and is referred to as a birthmark

nodule

small, knot like mass that can be felt by touch

pallor

paleness

papule

small, solid skin elevation

petechia (pl. petechiae)

pinpoint skin hemorrhage

pressure ulcer (decub)

(aka decubitus ulcer or bed sore) erosion of the skin caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients

pruritis

itching

purpura

small hemorrhages of the skin (or mucus membrane); giving purple-red discoloration; associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalities

pustule

elevation of skin containing pus

ulcer

erosion of the skin or mucous membrane

verruca

(aka wart) circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus

vesicle

(aka blister) small election of the epidermis containing liquid

virus

minute microorganism, much smaller than a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells; may cause infection by invading body tissue

wheal

(aka individual hive) transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual uticaria lesion