Health And Human Development Definitions Flashcards
Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
physical health
The efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness
social health
being able to interact with others and participate in then community in both and independent and cooperative way
Life expectancy:
an indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change
health status
refers to the level of health being experienced by individuals, groups or whole populations. taking into account various aspects such life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
HALE (health adjusted life expectancy)
a measure of burden of disease base on life expectancy at birth, but including and adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to life based on current rates of ill health and mortality
Mortality
refers to deaths, particularly at a group or population level.
Morbidity
refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
Incidence
number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified time
prevalence
the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
atherosclerosis
the build up of plaque on blood vessel walls, making it harder for blood to get through
behavioural determinants
actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity and eating practices
body mass index
a statistical measure of body mass calculated by dividing weight by hight. 18.6-24.9 is considered healthy. 29.9 is overweight and 30 over is considered obese
determinants of health
factors that affect the level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than others. Determinants of health can be classified in many ways such as biological, behavioural and social
food insecurity
when healthy, affordable food is not obtainable
food security
the state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through non-emergency sources.
hypertension
high blood pressure
physical environment
the physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. The physical environment includes water, and air, workplaces, housing, road, nature, schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards
social determinants of health
aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support
socio economic status
the social standing of an individual in comparison to others in that society. It is based on education, income and occupation
chronic kidney disease
the gradual, permanent loss of kidney function. Kidneys filter the blood and if CKD progresses, the function of kidneys may have to be carried out artificially
colonisation
the settlement of Australia by Europeans in 1788
Indigenous Australians
Australians of Aboriginal or Torres Strait islander origin
Perinatal mortality rate
death occurring in the foetus of infant between the 22nd week of pregnancy and 7 days after birth
Syndrome X
when a person exhibits a range of factors that increase their risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Under 5 mortality rate
the number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births
years lost due to disability (YLD)
A measure of how many 'healthy' years of life lost due to illness, injury or disability.
years of life lost (YLL)
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Disability adjusted life year (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.