Health And Human Development Definitions Flashcards
Health
A complete state of physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Physical Health
relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.
Social Health
relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
Spiritual Health
not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. Spiritual health includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world.
Emotional Health
relates to the ability to express feelings in a positive way. Emotional health is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience.
Mental Health
current state of well-being relating to the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Burden of Disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically, it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.
Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease, each one equaling one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
Mortality
The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.
Under-five mortality rate (U5MR)
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.
Morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Health Status
An individual's or population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Life Expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths occurring in young children under 1 year old per 1,000 live births
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
number of deaths of women due to childbirth or pregnancy-related complications per 100,000 births
Wellbeing
A complex combination of all dimensions of health, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
illness
A condition of poor health or feeling unwell as perceived by an individual
Self-assessed health status
An overall measure of a population's health based on a person's own perceptions of their health.