Health And Human Development Unit 1 Flashcards
Health
' a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity' (WHO, 1946)
Health status
'an individuals or populations overall level of health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability, levels of disease risk factors' (Australian Institute of Health an welfare).
Health indicators
'Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status (e.g. life expectancy, mortality and morbidity rates)
Self - Assessed Health Status
'An indicator that reflects a persons perception of his or her own health and well-being at a given point'
Life expectancy
'An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change'
limitations of life expectancy
life expectancy is a useful indicator particularly when comparing countries or population groupslife expectancy however does not give an indication of the quality of life.
mortality
'refers to deaths particularly in a population'
mortality rate
the measurement of the proportion of a population who die on a one year period (usually per 100 000)
Years of life lost (YLL)
The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of life lost due to premature death.
morbidity
'refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group (AIHW)
morbidity rate
is a measure of how many people suffer from a particular condition during a given period of time
prevalence
the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition in a population at a given time
incidence
the number or rate of new cases of a particular disease during a specified period of time (usually a 12 month period)
Years of life lost due to disability (YLD)
the non-fatal component of the disease burden; a measurement of the healthy years lost to disease or injuries.
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disability and disease
Disability adjusted life years (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury
Hospital separations
episodes of hospital care that start with admission and end at transfer, discharge or death
chronic conditions
any disease or condition that lasts a long time (usually longer than six months). it usually cant be cured and therefore requires ongoing treatment and management. examples include arthritis and asthma.
core activity limitations
when an individual has difficulty, ore requires assistance with any of the three core activities
wellbeing
an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy , capable and engaged
health and wellbeing
a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence characterised by equilibrium in how they feel about their life
physical health and wellbeing
A state of physical well-being inwhich a person is physically ableto perform their daily activitieswithout restrictions.
the characteristics of physical health and wellbeing
-functioning of body systems - physical fitness- body weight - blood cholesterol - blood pressure - absence of disease of illness- energy levels
social health and wellbeing
Concerned with how individualsinteract with the people aroundthem, and with social institutionsand social values and norms.
the characteristics of social health and wellbeing
-effective communication with others- supportive and well-functioning family - productive relationships with other people- supportive network of friends
emotional health and wellbeing
The ability to recognise,understand and effectivelymanage emotions and use thisknowledge when thinking, feelingand acting.
the characteristics of emotional health and wellbeing
- recognise a range of emotions - experience appropriate emotions in a given scenario- adequately respond to, express and manage emotions - possess the ability to recover from misfortune
mental health and wellbeing
Refers to a person's cognitive andthinking processes, for exampletheir capacity to think coherently,express thoughts and feelings,and respond constructively tosituations.
the characteristics of positive mental health and wellbeing
- low levels of stress and anxiety - positive self- esteem - high levels of confidence- positive thought patterns
spiritual health and wellbeing
A positive sense of belonging,meaning and purpose in life. Itincludes values and beliefs thatinfluence the way people live, and canbe influenced by an individual'sconnection to themselves, others,nature and beyond.
characteristics of spiritual health and wellbeing
- having a sense of belonging - having a meaning and purpose in life - experiencing peace and harmony - acting according to values and beliefs