Human Growth And Development Wgu Chp 4 6 Flashcards
Cephalocaudal pattern of growth
is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the topâthe headâwith physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom (for example, shoulders, middle trunk, and so on).Ex. controlling trunk before legs
Proximodistal pattern of growth
growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. ex. controlling trunk and arms before hands and fingers. using whole hands before fingers.
Reflex
built in reactions to stimuli, automatic out of newborns control. Genetically carried survival mechanisms.
Rooting reflex Sucking reflex
2 examples of Reflex of a baby that disappears several months after birth
Gross Motor development3 Months
sit while suported
Gross Motor Development at 6 months
Sit Independently
Fine Motor Development 3 months
Try to pick up objectsgrip with whole hand
Fine Motor Development 6 months
rely on touch for guiding
Gross Motor Developments 9 months
Pull Themselves Up and Hold on to Chair
12 moths Gross Motor Developments
Stand Alone
9 moths Fine Motor Development
being able to grab objectuse vision as a guide for touch
12 month Fine Motor Development
Can Throw objectsgrab small objects with thumb and forefinger
schemes
actions or mental representations that organize knowledge behavioral schemes (physical) - infancymental schemes (cognitive)- childhood
Accommodation
when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences in to account.drinking from a straw rather than bottle or breast.
Assimilation
when children use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiencescalling all vehicles cars
Object Permanence
is the understanding the objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
5 Communicative Behaviors
CryingCooingBabblingUse of gesturesSpoken word
Birth
Crying happens at
2-4 months
Cooing happens at
Middle of first year
Babbling happens at
7-15 months
Gestures happen at
18 months
First Words happens atunderstands own name at 5 months
Universal Linguist
infants notice in their first 6 months when sounds changes no matter the language
Language Specific Listener
notice at 7-11 months the differences in their own language
Temperament
Involves individual differences in behavioral styles emotions ways of responding
Secure in a baby
presence of their carergive securely attached infants explore the room and examine toys that have been placed in the room
Insecure-avoidant in a baby is
show insecurity by avoiding the caregiver are not distressed when she leaves the room
Insecure resistant baby is
cling anxiously to the caregiver and don't explore the playroom caregiver leaves they often cry loudly and then push away if she tries to comfort them on her return
Insecure disorganized in a baby is
babies might seem dazed confused and fearful avoidance and resistance or display certain specified behaviors such as extreme fearfulness around the caregiver
coughing, sneezing, blinking, and yawning
two examples of reflexes that persist through life
Development of the nervous system
the converging factor that leads an infant to create a new motor behavior.
Relation of sensation and perception
Sensation occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors (eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin)Perception is the interpretation of sensation
mothers voice
what do infants prefer to hear
Sensorimotor
from birth to age 24 months, infants are in the _______ stage of development.
Genderbiologicalculture
Inflences of temperament