Katzung Chapter 1 Flashcards
Pharmacology
Study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body activities used to treat, prevent or diagnose disease
Toxicology
Undesirable effect of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacogenomics
The relation of the individual's genetic makeup to his or her response to drugs
Knocked Out
Mutated gene product is absent or nonfunctional
Knockdown
Limited suppression of gene's function When the products of a particular gene are essential they are described as these type of versions with only limited suppression of function are created
Knockin
Over expression of a gene
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
Small segments of RNA can interfere with protein synthesis with extreme selectivity
Antisense Oligonucleotides (ANOs)
Complementary RNA or DNA can interfere with the transcription of RNA
Agonist
Activate effector molecules and inhibit molecules responsible for terminating the action of endogenous agonists
Antagonists
Blocks binding of other molecules to receptor
Partial Agonist
Partially activates effector molecules
Inverse Agonist
Stabilizes the receptor in the inactive form and prevents constitutive activity
Allosteric agents
Binds to the receptor and enhances or inhibits receptor function but does not prevent binding of the agonist
Xenobiotics
Not synthesized within the body (foreign molecules)
Toxins
Poison of biological origin
Chirality
Molecule that has non-superposobale mirror image, often because of asymmetric carbon atom
Enantiomeric pairs
Mirror images50% of drugs exist as
Racemic mix
Both S & R forms
Dissociation constant
Propensity of a larger object (ligand / receptor complex) to separate reversibly into 2 smaller objects (ligand and receptor)
Desensitization
After repeated or sustained activation of a receptor the response is diminished or abolished
Constitutive activity
Receptor activity in the absence of ligand
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
Absorption
Transport of a drug into the blood from the site of administration
Distribution
Transport of the drug to the site of action
Permeation
Passage through various barriers
Elimination
Metabolic inactivation Excretion from the body