Math Flashcards
natural numbers
Set of numbers which start with 1 and are not fractional parts of numbers
whole numbers
Natural numbers and 0
inequality
A mathematical sentence which compares two expressions
solution
A value which makes the equation or inequality true
equivalent expressions
Same value when solved or simplified
counterexample
Shows that a statement is false
properties
Relationships that are always true for real numbers
deduction reasoning
Logical thinking from given facts to a conclusion
opposites
Two numbers which are the same distance from 0 but lie in opposite direction on the number line
like terms
Same variable factor
x-axis
The horizontal line in a coordinate plane
y-axis
The vertical line in a coordinate plane
origin (0,0)
What is the point produced by the intersection of the x and y-axes
coordinate
A number or variable which identifies the location of a point on a number line
inductive reasoning
Thinking leading to a conclusion based on the observation of a pattern
positive numbers
The numbers to the right of 0 on the number line.
negative numbers
The numbers to the left of 0 on the number line.
absolute value
The distance between 0 and a number on the number line.
expression
A number, or a group of numbers with operation signs
simplify
Perform the operations; find the value
base
A factor; in 3², 3 is the base used as a factor 2 times
exponent
The number that tells how many times the base is used as the factor
variable
A letter that represents an unknown number
power
the product when factors are the same; in 3²=9, 9 is the power
order of operations
Rules that tell which operation to do first
terms
Parts of an expression separated by a + or a - sign
constants
numbers, or qualities, that do not change
coefficient
a number that multiplies a variable
substitute
replacing a variable with a number or difference
equation
a statement that two expressions are equal
parallel Lines
Two non-vertical lines in the same plane have the same slope and never meet
perpendicular Lines
Two non-vertical lines in the same plane have slopes that are negative reciprocals and the angle that they meet is 90°
x 10^n
Moving the decimal point n places to the right.
÷ 10^n
Moving the decimal point n places to the left.
ratio
Comparison between two units that have something in common.
rate
Comparison between two units that have nothing in common.
speed
Distance / Time
unit conversion
Create unit fraction to cancel units not wanted.
proportion
Comparison between two rates or ratios that are equivalent.
fraction
Part of a whole.
decimal
A number with one or more digits to the right of a point.
percent
A ratio that compares a number to 100.
rational number
Any number that can be written in the form a/b where a and b are integers and b does not equal 0.
reciprocal
When you flip the numerator and denominator of a fraction. The reciprocal of x is 1/x
multiplicative inverse
A number multiplied by the reciprocal which is equal to 1
factor
A number multiplied to another number to get a multiple.
root
A factor
square root
Inverse operation of squaring that number (the numbers times itself).
set
A well defined collection of objects
subset
A set which contains elements of a larger set
perfect square
Is a number that can be expressed as the product of two equal integers.
multiple
The product of two factors.
greatest common factor
The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common. Ex: 24-2,2,2,3 32-2,2,2,2,2 GCF = 2,2,2
least common multiple
The smallest multiple (other than zero) that two or more numbers have in common. Ex: 24-2,2,2,3 32-2,2,2,2,2 LCM = 2,2,2,2,2,3
numerical expression
An expression that contains only numbers and operations.
algebraic expression
A mathematical phrase that contains one or more variables
negative number
a number less than zero.
positive number
a number greater than zero.
integer
Any whole number (both positive and negative) and zero.
additive inverse
Pair of numbers whose sum is zero.
coordinate plane
A plane that is divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis.
quadrant
one of four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided.
ordered pair (x,y)
A pair of numbers used to locate a point on the coordinate plane.
reflection
A transformation of a figure that flips the figure across a line.
translation
A transformation that "slides" each point of a figure the same distance in the same direction.
rotation
Turning around an axis or center point.
1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512 729 1000
Cubes to 10 x 10 x 10
l x w
The Area of a Rectangle
s^2
The Area of a Square
1/2 b x h
The Area of a Triangle
Ï r^2
The Area of a Circle
2 Ï r
The Circumference of a Circle
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
What are the prime numbers 50
53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97
What are the prime numbers 50 to 100
1 tablespoon (tbsp.)
3 teaspoons (tsp.)
1 fluid ounce (fl. oz.)
2 tablespoons (tbsp.)
1 cup (c.)
8 fluid ounces (fl. oz.)
1 pint (pt.)
2 cups (c.)
1 quart (qt.)
2 pints (pt.)
1 gallon (gal.)
4 quarts (qt.)
1 inch (in.)
Approx 2.5 centimeters (cm.)
1 foot (ft.)
12 inches (in.)
1 mile (mi.)
5,280 feet (ft.)
1 centimeter (cm)
10 millimeters (mm) or Approx .4 inches (in)
1 meter (m)
100 centimeters (cm) or Approx 3.1 yards (yds)
1 kilometer (km)
1,000 meters (m) or Approx .6 miles (mi)
1 pound (lbs)
16 Ounces (oz)
1 kilogram (kg)
Approx 2.2 Pounds (lbs)
1 ton
2000 pounds (lbs)
1 ounce (oz) oz to
Approx 28 grams (g)
pi or Ï
3.14 or 22/7
1/3 Bh
Volume of a pyramid
Ïr²h
Volume of a cylinder
l ⢠w ⢠h
Volume of a rectangular solid
1/3 Ïr²h
Volume of a cone
a²+b²=c²
Pythagorean Theorem
0°C or 32° F
Freezing point of water
° F
Degrees Fahrenheit
°C
Degrees Celsius
100°C or 212° F
Boiling point of water
°C x 9/5 + 32 = °F
Celsius to Fahrenheit
(°F - 32) x 5/9 = °C
Fahrenheit to Celsius
(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
The Associative Law for Addition
(a x b) x c = a x (b x c)
The Associative Law for Multiplication
a + b = b + a
The Commutative Law for Addition
a x b = b x a
The Commutative Law for Multiplication
a (b + c) = ab + ac
The Distributive Law
a + 0 = a
The Identity Law for Addition
a x 1 = a
The Identity Law for Multiplication
-x = (-1)â¢x, -1â¢-1=+1, -1â¢+1=-1, -x+x=0
Negation Principle
÷x = ⢠1/x
Division Principle
mode
The value that appears most often in a set of data. (most)
median
The number that is halfway into the set (arranging from least to greatest) (Middle of road is the median)
range
The difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of data
mean
The average when you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers (Average, mean because it takes the most work)
acute angle
An angle with the measure greater than 0 and less than 90
algebra
A system that uses letters to represent unknown numbers and variables
binomial
Mathematical expression, or polynomial, with two terms
dividend
The number being divided in a division problem
divisor
The number that is being divided by in a division problem
hypotenuse
The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle
irrational numbers
Cannot be written as fractions; in decimal form are non-repeating and non-terminating
mixed numbers
a number made up of a whole number and a fraction
obtuse angles
An angle with a measure greater than 90 and less than 180.
monomials
A mathematical expression with only one term
parallelograms
Four-sided figure with opposite sides parallel; angles may or may not be right angles
prime factors
All the factors of a number that are prime numbers
prime numbers
A number, which is greater an one, that has only two factors, one and itself
probability
The chance of getting a desired outcome, given all possible outcomes
infinity
Largest number that just keeps going
denominator
The expression written below the line in a common fraction that indicates the number of parts into which one whole is divided.
numerator
The term of a fraction, usually above the line, that indicates the number of equal parts that are to be added together;
quotient
The result of division; the number of times one quantity is contained in another.
product
The answer to a multiplication problem
proper fraction
A fraction with numerator smaller than its denominator
radius
distance from the center of a circle to its edge
real numbers
all of the numbers on a number line, including rational and irrational numbers
trinomial
polynomial with three terms
polyhedron
Three-dimensional figure made out of a polygon
parentheses, powers, multiply and divide, add and subtract
Order of Operations List
exponent form
The exponent tells how many times the base multiplies itself
x^mâ¢x^n=x^(m+n)
Product of the Powers
x^m/x^n=x^(m-n)
Quotient of the Powers
(x^m)^n=x^(mâ¢n)
Power of power
(1/b)^n = 1/(b^n) = b^(-n)
Power of Reciprocal
(aâ¢b)^n = a^nâ¢b^n
Power to the Product
(a/b)^n = a^n/b^n
Power of the Quotient
(-a)^n = (pâ¢a)^n, p=- if n odd, p=+ if n even
Power of Negation
x^0=1
Power of Identity
15
3x5
18
3x6
21
3x7
24
3x8 or 4x6
27
3x9
16
4x4 or 2x8
20
4x5
28
4x7
32
4x8
36
4x9 or 6x6 or 12x3
40
5x8
25
5x5
30
5x6 or 15x2
35
5x7
45
5x9 or 15x3
42
6x7 or 14x3
48
6x8 or 12x4
54
6x9
60
6x10 or 12x5 or 15x4
49
7x7
56
7x8 or 14x4
63
7x9
64
8x8
72
8x9 or 12x6
80
8x10
81
9x9
100
10x10
11
11x1
22
11x2
33
11x3
44
11x4
55
11x5
66
11x6
77
11x7
88
11x8
99
11x9
110
11x10
132
11x12
84
12x7 or 14x6
96
12x8
108
12x9
120
15x8
144
12x12
39
13x3
52
13x4
65
13x5
78
13x6
91
13x7
104
13x8
117
13x9
143
13x11
156
13x12
169
13x13
70
14x5
98
14x7
112
14x8
126
14x9
140
14x10
154
14x11
168
14x12
182
14x13
196
14x14
75
15x5
90
15x6
105
15x7
135
15x9
150
15x10
165
15x11
180
15x12
195
15x13
210
15x14
225
15x15