Medical Terminology 9th Edition Chapter 9 (Peggy Leonard) Flashcards
Alimentation
process of providing nutrition for the body
-ation
process
Ingestion
the oral intake of substances into the body
Digestion
the mechanical breakdown of food
Absorption
process in which the digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries
Elimination
removal of undigested food particles
Defecation
elimination of feces
Carbs, proteins, and fats
the three major classes of nutrients
-ase
enzyme
amylase
the enzyme that breaks down starch
Lipase
enzyme that breaks down fat
Protease
enzyme that breaks down protein
Glucose
simple sugar; major source of energy
Lipids
energy reserve
-orexia
appetite
-pepsia
digestion
Vag/o
vagus nerve
Viscer/o
viscera
De-
down, from, reversing, or removing
Glycos/o
sugar
Cirrh/o
orange-yellow
Bil/i
bile
Chol/e
bile
Alimentary canal
digestive tract
Intestinal
pertaining to the intestine
Gastrointestinal
refers to the stomach and intestines
Upper GI
mouth, pharnyx, esophagus, and stomach
Lower GI
small and large intestines
Cheil/o
lips
Dent/i, Dent/o
teeth
Odont/o
teeth
Gingiv/o
gums
Gloss/o
tongue
Lingu/o
tongue
Proct/o
anus or rectum
Rect/o
rectum
An/o
anus
Mandible
lower jaw
Cuspids
canine teeth
Hypoglossal
under the tongue
Sublingual
medication placed under the tongue
Gingiva
gum
Dist/o
distant, far
Duodenum
first portion of the small intestine
Jejunum
second portion of the small intestine
Ileum
third portion of the small intestine
Large intestine
cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
Vermiform appendix
worm-like structure extending from the cecum
Ileocecal valve
located between ileum and cecum
Sigmoid colon
last portion of the colon
Cholecyst/o
gallbladder
Choledoch/o
common bile duct
Hepat/o
liver
Pancreat/o
pancreas
Sial/o
salivary gland
Biliary
pertaining to bile
Cholecystic
pertaining to gallbladder
Saliva
contains amylase enzyme
Liver
largest internal organ
Choledochal
pertaining to the common bile duct
Insulin
produced by the pancreas
Cholelithiasis
stones in the gallbladder
Choledocholithiasis
bile duct stones
Cholangiopancreatography
endoscopic test to visualize the bile and pancreatic ducts
Pancreatolithiasis
pancreatic stones
Barium sulfate
radiopaque medium used in radiographic imaging
Sigmoidscopy
inspection of the rectum and sigmoid colon
Proctoscopy
endoscopic exam of the rectum
Sialography
raidography of the salivary ducts
-phagia
eating
-dipsia
thirst
Polyphagia
excessive hunger
Polydipsia
excessive thirst
Glucosuria
sugar in the urine
Hypoglycemia
pancreas produces too much insulin
Hyperglycemia
increased glucose level
Emesis
vomiting
Dehydration
fluid output exceeds fluid input
Emaciation
excessive leanness
Bulimia
Binge eating
Malnutrition
depletion of nutrients for body cells
Malabsorption
improper absorption of nutrients
Flatulence
excessive gas
Hyperemesis
excessive vomting
Cirrhosis
chronic liver disease
Hepatotoxic
toxic or destructive to the liver
Jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin
Appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
Hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
Cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
Eupepsia
normal digestion
Visceral
pertaining to the large internal organs in the abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
membrane that surrounds the viscera and lines the abdominal cavity
Hernia
protrusion of organ through the muscle
Canker sores
ulcers of the mouth and lips
Cheilitis
inflammation of the lips
Stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
Glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
Dysphagia
difficulty eating
Esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower esophagus
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus
Gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
Gastrocele
herniation of the stomach
Hiatal hernia
gastrocele
Ulcer
lesion of the mucus membrane
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticulum causing lack of bowel movement and pain
Diverticulosis
presence of divertucula without inflammation
Dysentery
inflammation of the intestine/colon
Enterostasis
delay in the passage of food through the intestine
Hemorrhoids
masses of veins in the anal canal that distend
IBS
abnormally increased motility of the small and large intestines
Cholestasis
stoppage of bile excretion
Anorexiant
appetite suppressing drug
Gastric bypass
surgery to reduce the stomach's capacity
Antidiarrheals
antibiotic used to treat diarrhea
Purgatives
medication to promote full bowel exacuation
Cathartics
promote full bowel evacuation
Cholecystectomy
surgical removal of gallbladder
Colostomy
creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall
Lapar/o
abdominal wall
Lithotripsy
high energy shock wave used to disintegrate stones
-triptor
instrument used for crushing
Gastrectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
Gastroduodenostomy
procedure that joins the stomach and duodenum
Anastomosis
joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate
Percutaneous liver biopsy
removal of liver tissue by using a needle to puncture
Vagotomy
partial incision of the vagus nerve
Gastrostomy
creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall