Medical Terminology Quizlet Flashcards ionicons-v5-c

What is the nervous system?

complex, highly organized system that coordinates all the activities of the body

Functions of the Nervous system include:

Coordinates all activities, allows body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside/outside the body, works w/hormones from the endocrine system to help the body achieve and maintain homeostasis

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Automatic NS, Somatic NS, Sympathetic NS, Parasympathetic NS

What is the Automatic NS?

regulates involuntary body processes

What is the somatic NS

Commands to muscles, controls voluntary movements, carries sensory info

What is the sympathetic NS?

prepares the body for fight and stress

Parasympathetic NS

Calms the body and helps the body conserve energy

What two systems make up the nervous system

CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system)

What makes up the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord, and also brainstem

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

autonomic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Where are neurons found?

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

What is the function of a neuron?

Transmit information through electrical impulses

Sensory input

Receives signals from sensory receptors

Integration

CNs process and interprets the info recieved

Motor output

the CNS transmits messages outward

Basic structures of the nervous system

brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, nerve tissues, cells

What is the function of a sensory neuron?

conduct signal from the body to brain

motor neuron functions?

Recieves impulses from brain and spinal cord and communicate to body

Name the parts of the neuron

Cell body, nucleus, nerve fibers

What do the dendrites do?

Carry inpulses TOWARD the cell body

What do the axon do?

Carries impulses AWAY from cell body

What covers the axon?

Myelin sheath

What is the function of a Myelin Sheath?

increases the speed of action potential conduction from the initial segment to the axon terminals.

Describe the position of the axon of one neutron to the dendrite of another neutron

Axon of a neutron lies close to the dendrite of other neurons.

What do impulses do with the _-/S Y N A P S E\-_

Jump synapse to get to dendrite of another neuron

What are neurotransmitters and where are they located?

Special chemicals at the end of each axon that allow nerve impulses to pass from one to another

What is the function of the neurotransmitter?

Allow nerve impulses to pass from one to another

Give examples of neurotransmitters

Adrenaline, Dopamine, Serotonin

When do impulses occur?

When external stimuli and/or internal chemicals activate cell membranes of cell nerves

What does an impulse cause?

Release of stored electrical energy within cells

What happens to the energy which is released?

It's passed through length of nerve cell and is called the nervous impulse

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Balance and coordination

What are the functions of the thalamus?

Routes messages from sensory organs to the cerebaral cortex, responsible for memory functions involved in learning

Name the functions of the autonmic nervous system that the hypothalamus monitors and acts as the control center

Heart rate, BP, Body temperature, Hormone production, hunger, thirst, digestion

What does the brain stem connect?

Cerebrum w/spinal cord

How does the brain stem regulate the CNS?

Transmits sensory info carried between the brain and rest of the body

What vital functions does the brain stem govern?

Temperature and sleep patterns

What does the midbrain do?

Serves as a passageway between brain and spinal cord

What does the pons connect?

Cerebullum to rest of brain

Where do nerve fibers from the CNS travel?

Organs, Glands, Blood vessels.

What does the medulla oblongata do?

controls breathing, heart rate, and vomiting

What are the ventricles?

Two lateral ventricles, third and fourth ventricle

What does this fluid contain?

Zymphocyles, sugar, chlorides, and protein

What does this fluid carry and remove?

Carries nutrients, removes wastes

What is the spinal cord?

Nervous tissue that extends from medulla oblongata to second lumbar vertebra

What is a cauda equina?

A structure at the end of the spinal cord that is a fan of nerve fibers below second lumbar vertebra

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Pathway for impulses going to and from the brain

What is meninges?

Three layers of connective tissue membranes that surround brain and spinal cord

Name three meninges

Dura mater, Arachnid membrane, Pia Mater

Dura Mater

The outermost membrane, contains channels through which blood can enter brain tissue

Arachnid membrane

middle membrane which is spider-like and is loosely attatched to the other membranes

Pia mater

Innermost meninges closes to brain and spinal cord, made of delicate connective tissue w/rich supply of blood vessels

Where do the nerves of the PNS exist?

Outside the brain and the spinal cord

What does the PNS consist of?

12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves

What is the function of cranial nerves?

They carry impulses between brian and head and neck. The vougus nerve is an exception and controls heart rate and digestion

What is one cranial nerve that is the exception?

Vagus nerve, controls unconsious actions like heart rate and digestion

What is the function of spinal nerves?

Carries messages between spinal cord, chest, abdomen and extrimities

What are the two types of peripheral nerves?

Afferent/sensory and efferent/motor

What is an afferent/sensory nerve?

Carries impulses from sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord. Sensory -> Brain

What is an efferent/motor nerve?

Carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to organs that produce responses such as glands and muscles. Motor -> Body

Give an example of Afferent/sensory nerves.

Say you touch a fire. The nerve will send a signal of heat (and PAAAAIIIIN) to the brain.

Give an example of efferent/motor nerves.

After the heat/PAAAAIIIN message reaches the brain, the brain sends a message to pull back from the pain-inducing heat source.

What is the function of the Somatic NS?

Responsible for voluntary movement.

What is the ANS divided into?

sympathetic and parasympathetic

What is the purpose of the folds and depressions in the cerebral cortex?

Increase the surface area of the brain and brain and the brain's processing abilities

What are the functions we perform in the cerebrum?

Higher level thought processes, memory, sensory integration, language, planning.

Name the different lobes of the cerebrum

Frontal, Parietal, Occipatal, Temporal

What does the frontal lobe do?

Cognitive function, speech, and voluntary movement

What does the parietal lobe do?

proccees sensory info related to temp, taste, macmerd

What does the temporal lobe do?

Memories, hearing, smell

What does the corpus callosum connect?

Left and right halves of the brain?

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Helps right land left halves to work together to coordinate function and movement

Why does the sympathetic nervous system have an energizing effect?

To increase our ability to run away from or combat an enemy

What happens when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

Increases alertness, increases heart and breathing rate, bronchodilates airway to get more 02, stimulates adrenals to release adrenaline, INHIBITS bowel and bladder function

What happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

Heart beats slow, breating rate slows, stimulates salivary mucus, Stimulates intestinal motility to move our bowels, stimulates bladder action for urination