Medical Terminology Quizlet Flashcards

dermat/o, -logist

skin, one who specializes in the study of

skin

-largest organ in the body and has accessory structures- hair, nails, two types of glands= sebaceous, sudoriferous (sweat)

skin is composed of two layers

epidermis- forms the outermost layerdermis or corium- inner layerdermis is attached to a layer of connective tissue called hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

stratified squamous epithelium

type of epithelial tissue that covers the body has a microscopic scaly appearance

limited blood supply to the epidermis

avascular- no blood vessels

stratum germinativum

also known as the basal cell layer, the deepest live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth

keratin

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails

or corium is the thick underlying layer of skin that is composed of vascular connective tissue arranged in two layers-papillary layer= upper thin layer composed of fibers made from protein and collagen that serves to regulate blood flow through its extensive vascular supply-reticular layer= lower thicker layer which is composed of collagen fibers- this layer holds the hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands which are glands that produce oil

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands located in dermis and provide one means of thermoregulation -pores= tiny openings in the surface of the skin-secretion of sweat= perspiration

sebaceous glands

secrete an oily acidic substance called sebum which helps lubricate hair and the surface of the skin

hair follicles

hair has its roots in the dermis, these roots together with their coverings, the visible part is called the hair shaft

papilla

underneath the follicle is a nipple-shaped structure that encloses the capillaries

nail body

visible part of the nail

nail root

in a groove under a small fold of skin at the base of the nail

nail bed

highly vascular tissue under the nail that appears pink when the blood is oxygenated or blue/purple when it is oxygen deficient

cuticle

the small fold of skin above the lower part of nail, also called the eponychium

paronychium

the fold of skin that is near the sides of the nail

base, bottom

bas/o

black, dark

melan/o

fat

adip/o

follicle

follicul/o

gland

aden/o

hair

trich/o, pil/o

hard, horny

kerat/o

nail

ungu/o, onych/o

papilla

papill/o

scaly

squam/o

sebum, oil

seb/o, sebac/o

skin

dermat/o, derm/o, cut/o, cutane/o

sudoriferous gland

hidraden/o

sweat

hidr/o, sudor/i

vessel

vascul/o

a-

no, not, without

epi-

above

hypo-, sub-

under, below

-al, -ar, -ous, -ic

pertaining to

-cyte

cell

-ferous

pertaining to carrying

-is

structure

skin lesion

visible, localized abnormality of skin tissue, it can be primary or secondary

primary lesions

early skin changes that have not yet undergone natural evolution or change caused by manipulation

secondary lesions

result of natural evolution or manipulation of a primary lesion

cyst

cyst/o-nodule filled with a semisolid material, such as a keratinous sebaceous cyst

ecchymosis

ec- outchym/o- juice-osis= abnormal condition -hemorrhage or extravasation (leaking) of blood into the subcutaneous tissue. The resultant darkening is commonly described as a bruise

hematoma

hemat/o- blood-oma- mass-collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues and palpable to the examiner, such as on the ear

macule

macul/o- spot-flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, port-wine stain, or tattoo

nodule

nod/o- knot-ule- small-palpable solid lesion less than 2 cm, such as a very small lipoma

papul/o

papule- raised solid skin lesion raised less than 1 cm, such as a pimple

plaque

raised plateau like papule greater than 1 cm, such as a psoriatic lesion or seborrheic keratosis

purpura

purpuro- purple-a= noun ending -massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin

pustule

pustul/osuperficial, elevated lesion containing pus that may be the result of an infection, such as acne

telangiectasia

tel/e= farangi/o= vessel-ectasia= dilation-permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venues, also known as spider veins

tumor

nodule more than 2 cm, any mass or swelling, including neoplasms

vesicle

vesicul/o- blister or small sac-circumscribed, elevated lesion containing fluid and smaller than 1/2 cm, such as an insect bite, if larger than 1/2 cm, it is termed a bulla, commonly called a blister

wheal

circumscribed, elevated papule caused by localized edema, which can result from a bug bite

atrophy

a- no, not, withouttroph/o- development-y= process-paper thin wasted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks from rapid weight gain

cicatrix

a scar - an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after destruction of some of the dermis

eschar

eschar/o- scab-dried serum, blood, and/or pus. may occur in inflammatory and infectious diseases such as impetigo, or as the result of a burn, also called a scab

fissure

crack-like lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure

keloid

type of scar that is an overgrowth of tissue at the site of the injury in excess of the amount of tissue necessary to repair the wound. The extra tissue is partially due to accumulation of collagen at the site

ulcer

circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis or tissue death, that can accompany an inflammatory, infectious, or malignant process. An example is a decubitus ulcer seen sometimes in bedridden patients

atopic dermatitis

a- no, not, withouttop/o- place, location-ic= pertaining todermat/o- skin-itis- inflammation-chronic pruritic superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of allergic disorders

cellulitis

cellul/o- cell-itis= inflammation-diffuse, spreading acute inflammation within solid tissues, the most common cause is a streptococcus pyogenes infection

contact dermatitis

dermat/o- skin-itis= inflammation-irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation

eczema

superficial inflammation of the skin, characterized by vesicles, weeping, and pruritus, also called dermatitis

folliculitis

follicul/o- follicle-itis= inflammation-inflammation of the hair follicles, which may be superficial or deep and acute or chronic

furuncle

localized, suppurative staphylococcal skin infection originating in a gland or hair follicle and characterized by pain, redness, and swelling

impetigo

superficial vesiculopustular bacterial skin infection seen in children, but possible in adults

pilonidal cyst

pil/o-hairnid/o- nest-al= pertaining togrowth of hair in a cyst in the sacral area

pruritus

itching, the marks that result from intense scratching are called excoriations

seborrheic dermatitis

seb/o-sebum-rrheic- pertaining to dischargedermat/o-skin-itis- inflammationinflammatory scaling disease of the scalp and the fascia of newborns, this is known as cradle cap

candidiasis

yeast infection in moist, occluded areas of the skin (armpits, inner thighs, underneath pendulous breasts) and mucous membranes, also called moniliasis

dermatomycosis

dermat/o- skinmyc/o- fungus-osis= function -fungal infection of the skin, also called dermatophytosis

tinea capitis

capit/o-head-is= structurefungal infection of the scalp, also known as ringworm

tinea corporis

corpor/o-body-is= structureringworm of the body, manifested by pink to red papulosquamous annular (ringlike) plaques with raised borders; also known as ringworm

tinea cruris

crur/o-leg-is= structurea fungal infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather; also known as jock itch

tinea pedis

ped/o- foot-is= structure-fungal infection of the foot; also known as athlete's foot

pediculosis

pedicul/i- lice-osis= abnormal conditionparasitic infestation with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area

scabies

parasitic infestation caused by mites; characterized by pruritic papular rash

exanthematous diseases

exanthemat/o- rash-ous= pertaining to-generally viral diseases characterized by a specific type of rash (exanthem), the main ones are measles, rubella, fifth disease, roseola, chickenpox

herpes simplex virus (HIV)

-viral infection characterized by clusters of small vesicles filled with clear fluid on raised inflammatory bases on the skin or mucosa. HSV-1 causes fever blisters (herpetic stomatitis) and keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea. HSV-2 is more commonly known as genital herpes

herpes zoster

acute, painful rash caused by reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus, also known as shingles

verruca

common, contagious epithelial growths usually appearing on the skin of the hands, feet, legs, and face; can be caused by any of the 60 types of the human papilloma virus, also called warts

acne vulgaris

vulgar/o-common-is= noun ending-inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by papule, pustules, inflamed nodules, and comedones which are plugs of sebum that partially or completely block a pore, blackheads are open comedones and white heads are closed comedones

alopecia

hair loss, resulting from genetic factors, aging, or disease

hypertrichosis

hyper- excessivetrich/o- hair-osis= abnormal condition -abnormal excess of hair, also known as hirsutism

keratinous cyst

kerat/o- hard, horny-in= substance-ous= pertaining to-benign cavity lined by keratinizing epithelium and filled with sebum and epithelial debris, also called sebaceous cyst

milia

tiny superficial keratinous cysts caused by clogged oil ducts

callus

common painless thickening of the stratum corneum at locations of external pressure or friction

corn

horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence as the result of pressure or friction; also referred to as a clavus

decubitus ulcer

Inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony part of the body; pressure ulcer; bedsore, pressure sore.

ichthyosis

ichthy/o-fish-osis= abnormal condition-category of dry skin that has a scaly appearance of a fish, it ranges from mild to severe, the mild form is called xerodermaxer/o- dry

albinism

albino/o-white-ism= condition-complete lack of melanin proton by existing melanocytes, resulting in pale skin, white hair, and pink irides

dyschromia

dys- abnormalchrom/o-color-ia= condition-abnormality of skin pigmentation, hyperchromia is abnormally increased pigmentation, hypochromia is abnormally decreased pigmentation

vitiligo

benign acquired disease of unknown origin, consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking in pigment

anhidrosis

an- no, not, withouthidr/o- sweating-osis= abnormal condition-a condition in which a person produces little or no sweat

hidradenitis

hidraden/o- sweat gland-itis= inflammation-inflammation of the sweat glands

hyperhidrosis

hyper-excessivehidr/o- sweat-osis= abnormal condition-excessive perspiration caused by heat, strong emotion, menopause, hyperthyroidism, or infection

miliaria

minute vesicles and papules, often with surrounding erythema (redness), caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity

onychia

onych/o- nailia= condition-inflammation of the fingernail, also called onychitis

onychocryptosis

ochy/o- nailcrypt- hidden-osis= abnormal condition-abnormal condition of hidden (ingrown) nail, it can cause pain, swelling, and erythema (redness)

onycholysis

onych/o-naillysis= loosening-separation of the nail plate from the nail bed

onychomalacia

onych/o-nail-malacia= softening -softening of the nails

onychomycosis

onych/o-nailmyc/o-fungus-osis= abnormal condition-abnormal condition of the nail fungus, also called tinea unguium

paronychia

par- beside, nearonych/o-nailia= condition-infection of the skin beside the nail

superficial burn

bro in which only the first layer of the skin, the epidermis is damaged, also known as a first degree burn, characterized by redness- erythema, tenderness, and hyperesthesia, with no scar development

partial-thickness burn

burn in which only the first and second layers of the skin (epidermis and part of the dermis), are affected; sometimes called a second degree burn. If the burn extends to the papillary level, it is classified as a superficial partial-thickness burn, if it extends farther, to the reticular layer, it is classed as a deep partial-thickness burn, characterized by redness, blisters, and pain with possible scar development

full thickness burn

burn that damages the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; also known as a third-degree burn, pain is not present because the nerve endings in the skin have been destroyed, skin appearance may be deep red, pale gray, brown, or black, scar formation is likely

deep full thickness burn

although not a universally accepted category, some burn specialists use this category to describe a rare burn that extends beyond the subcutaneous tissue into the muscle and bone, also called a fourth-degree burn

angioma

angi/o-vessel-oma= tumor, masslocalized vascular lesion that includes hemangiomas, vascular nevi, lymphangiomas

dermatofibroma

dermat/o- skinfibr/o-fiber-oma= tumor, massfibrous tumor of the skin that is painless, round, firm, and usually found on the extremities

dysplastic nevus

dys- abnormalplast/o- formation-ic= pertaining tonev/o- birthmark-us= structure, thing-a pigmented lesion often present at birth, it is also called a mole, various abnormal changes of a pigmented congenital skin blemish give rise to concern for progression of malignancy, changes of concern are categorized as ABCDE- asymmetry, borders (irregular), colors, changes (or uneven pigmentation), diameter (increasing size or more than 6 mm), elevation

lipoma

lip/o-fat-oma= tumor, massfatty tumor that is a soft, movable, subcutaneous nodule

seborrheic keratosis

seb/o- sebum-rrheic- pertaining to dischargekerat/o- hard, horny-osis= abnormal condition-benign, circumscribed pigmented superficial warty skin lesion, an actinic keratosis is a lesion caused by sun exposure

skin tags

small, soft, pedunculated (with a stalk) lesions that are harmless outgrowths of epidermal and dermal tissue, usually occurring on the neck, eyelids, armpits, and groin; usually occur in multiples. Also known as acrochordons

basal cell carcinoma

bas/o- base-al= pertaining to carcinoma cancer of epithelial organ-the most common form of skin cancer, it originates in the basal layer of the epidermis and it usually occurs on the face as a result of sun exposure and rarely metastasizes (spreads to distant sites)

Medical Terminology Quizlet Flashcards ionicons-v5-c

Medical Terminology Quizlet Flashcards