Phlebotomy Flashcards
Tenderly to automated skin incision device
That is used for make a skin puncture in the finger or heel for the collection of capillary blood used for microhematocrit measurement test per formed on capillary bloodm
Cytogenetic analysis
Requires whole blood collected in a green topped / Na heparin blood collection tube
Red topped tubes
Contain no additive but sodium heparin is required for chromosomes analysis
Gray topped tubes
Contain potassium oxalate and sodium flouride or lithium iodoacetate and heparin which will interfere in chromosome analysis
Light blue topped tubes
Contain sodium citrate which will interfere in chromosome analysis
Microscopy specimens
Are usually urine collections and therefore do not require a blood collection system
Clinical chemistry specimens
Do not require culture vials
Clinical immunology specimens
Do not require culture media vials
BD bactec culture vials
Are used for microbiology collections
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate
Requires a black topped tube with sodium citrate or purple top tube with edta
Zinc levels maybe erroneous
If collected with lithium heparin since the green top tubes are not manufactured for trace element collection
Lithium heparin
Is found in green top tubes and is very suitable for blood glucose measurements
The blood lithium level
Wi be falsely increased if collected with lithium heparin anticoagulant
Royal blue top tubes
Generally contain sodium heparin, edta or no anticoagulant
Sodium citrate
Is generally used in light blue top tubes
Ammonium heparin is not
Used in blood collection tubes
Tripod I'm citrate is
Normally used in light blue top tubes
Sodium polynethole sulfonate/ sps
Is used in the collection of blood culture specimens
Heparinized whole blood
Has become the specimen of choice for the clinical chemistry instruments used in STAT situations
BD vacutainer systems
Is a collection and dilution unit used for various procedures WBC, RBC, platelet, hemoglobin, RBC fragility and sodium, potassium and lead determination
Heparin
Prevents coagulation by in activating blood clotting thrombin and thromboplastin
Sodium flouride
Is an additive to inhibit glycolytic action/ glucose breakdown.
Coagulation of blood
Can be prevented of oxalates, citrates and or edta by their ability to remove calcium, forming insoluble calcium salts
The smaller the gauge number
The larger the diameter of the needle
Tenderletts breakdown safe
Single use, atomically retracting, disposable devices used for microcollection by skin puncture
Green top tubes
Contain heparin that can alter the accuracy of blood counts
Purple top tubes
Blood cell count, WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, requires whole blood collected in purple tube
Gray top tubes
Contain sodium flouride and pottasium oxalate or lithium iodoacetate and heparin. These additives can falsely alter the blood cell count levels.
The APTT/ activated partial thromboplastin
Requires blood collection in the light blue top tubes containing citrate
The RPR tests
Is a syphilis test requiring serum collected I'm red or speckled top tubes
The VDRL test
Is used to detect syphilis in blood and requires a red or speckled top tube for collection
Selenium
Is a trace element and must be tested on blood collected in a trace element tube, royal blue with heparin or in edta purple tube
Cortisol
Is a hormone and to measure it, blood needs to be collected in a green top tube
CBC levels
Requires blood collected in edta/ purple top tube
The enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase
Needs to be detected in a blood sample collected with speckled top tube
Lead levels in blood are very minute and
Require a blood collection tube without any detectable lead such as the brown top tube
The BD microtainer tube
Is frequently used in the microllection of electrolytes and general chemistry blood specimens
Microvette capillary blood collection system
Is used to collect and store capillary blood specimens
The BD unopette
Is a microcollection and dilution device that is used to measure various analytes
Green top tube
Contains heparin which is not a glycolytic inhibitor
Gray top tube
Contains a glycolytic inhibitor used in glucose testing
Gray top tube
Contains sodium flouride that destroys alkaline phosphatase and many other enzymes in the blood.
Speckled top tube
Can be used for the collection of alkaline phosphatase and many other enzymes in the blood
BD unopette
Is a blood collection device that is prefilled with specific amounts of diluent or reagents
Vacuette tube
Is a blood collection tube that does not have a diluent for dilution of the blood
Heparinized microcollection tubes
Have an anticoagulant but are not prefilled with a dilution of the blood.
The safety T fill capillary blood collection device
Does not have solutions for dilution of the blood
Surgicutt
Is a sterile standarized, disposable instrument that is used for bleeding time assay
Tenderletts
Is a safety microcollection device
BD unopette
Is a blood collection and dilution device used in the measurement of the RBC count, WBC count, platelet count and other procedures but not bleeding time
The gauge size
Of the needle is identified by the color code on the sealed shiekd
Lead
Is an analyte that must be collected in a brown top vacuum tube, but it does not have to be protected from light
Bilirubin
Breaks down chemically when exposed to light and thus the blood must be protected from light bili rub is to be measured
Citrate phosphate dextrose/CPD
Is an anticoagulant and preservative that is frequently used in the collection of blood for blood donations
Potassium oxalate
Is an anticoagulant that is used in the gray too vacuum tubes for blood glucose testing
Acid citrate dextrose/ACD
Is an anticoagulant and preservative that is frequently used in the collection of blood for blood donations
Sodium citrate
The anticoagulant in light blue top blood collection tubes is frequently used in coagulation blood studies
Hepanized microcollection tube
Is a microcollection capillary tube that contains heparin to mix with the blood to avoid blood coagulation
The microhematocrit tube
Is a microcollection capillary tube that contains heparin to mix with the blood to avoid blood coagulation
BD Vacutainer serum separator tube
Contains a separator barrier to separate the blood cells from the serum
Hemolysis
Is the breakdown of RBC which is not the most critical reason for separating blood cells from the serum
Glycolysis
Is the break down of glucos, which can lead to erroneous low blood glucose results if the RBC are not separated from the serum
Blood for creatinine kinase
Can be collected in the red top tube since it contains no interfering additives
Blood for creatine kinase can be collected
In the speckled top tube since it separates serum from the blood cells and has no effect on the creatine kinase level
Blood for creatine kinase
Can be collected in the gold top tube since it contains no interfering additives
The external tube diameter and light plus the maximum amount
Of specimen to be collected into the vacuum tube are the criteria that are used to describe vacuum collection tube size
The evacuated tube system
Requires three components, the evacuated sample tube, the double pointed needle and a special plastic adapter
If a light blue top tube
Is underfilled coagulation results will be erroneous prolonged
Potassium value is
Determined from the blood collected in the green top tube.
Pt and ptt tests
Are performed on blood collected with the anticoagulant sodium citrates. If the require blood level is not collected in the sodium citrate tube, then the ration of sodium citrate to blood is increase causing erroneous prolonged coagulation results
Tan top tube
Has been designed for the collection of lead determination s
Royal blue top tube
Is designed for collection of trace such as copper
Purple top tube
Contains anticoagulant edta and is generally used for hematology testing
Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid/ Edta
Is used to collect blood for blood smears since it creates minimal distortion of WBC
The volume of cumulative blood to be collected during a hospital stay
1 month or less from a new join weighing 6 to I lbs is approximately 23 ml
The red and black speckled top blood a collection tube
Should be gently inverted five times so that the blood clotting occurs in 30 minutes
Creatine kinase testing
Is a chemistry test and should be occur in the red and black speckled top tube that yields blood cells and serun
ESR
Is the same laboratory assay as a sedimentation rate, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or red rate
The royal blue top tube has been
Designed to collect sterile blood specimens for trace elements, toxicology and or nutritional studies
Dinning/ putting on a clean pair of gloves in the presence of the patient
Provides a reassuring and safety conscious gesture for the patient and the health care worker
MRSA signifies
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
Laboratory requisition for clinical testing
Contains patients full name, identification number and date of virth, the dates and types of tests to be performed, the physicians name, the location of the patient and timing instructions
Hand lotions are used to
Relieve dryness caused by excessive hand washing or excessive used of hand rubs. They minimize the occurrence of dermatitis associated with hand decontamination
Alcohol based hand rubs are
Effective for hand decontamination purposes if the hands are not visibly soiled
Phlebotomist should follow the manufacturer
Recommended amouny of hand rub to decontaminate hands. Usually it is a small s mount that should be applied on one palm, then while rubbing hands together.. All surfaces of hands and fingers should be covered and rubbed until hands are dry
When arm veins cannot be used for venipuncture
The preferred site is that back of the hand or wrist that is the dorsal surface not the palm side of the hand
A tourniquet should be applied
About 3 inches above the venipuncture site. It should be tight but not painful and should be partially looped to allow for easy release with one hand
A tourniquet causes
Pooling or filling of blood in veijs. Such pooling makes blood collection easier during a venipuncture procedure, regardless of the method used to withdraw blood from the vein
Alcohol should be allowed to
Air dry for 30 to 60 seconds, this prevents re contamination, prevents stinging and prevents the chances of contaminating the specimen with the alcohol
The needle should be
Inserted in the same direction as the veins at a 15 to 30 degree angle to the skin
After a needle is inserted and the blood begins to flow
The tourniquet should be released and the patient may open his or her fist
Blood culture tubes
Yellow top tubes are always collected first to reduce the chances of contamination
The coagulation tube
Light blue top tubes should be collected before the hematology tube or purple top tubes
All specimens labels should include the
Patients name and identification number, the date and time of collection and the phlebotomist initials. The patients room number, bed assignment, or out patient status is optional but useful information
Povidone iodine preparation are used primarily for
Decontaminating the skin before venipuncture for blood gas analysis and blood cultures. Excess iodine should be removed from the skin with sterile gauze before the puncture
Many laboratory tests can be affected by the
Ingestion of food and drink. It is important to note whether or not the patient has been fasting
To increase the likelihood of a successful puncture
Slight rotation of the patients arm to a different position, palpation the entire antecubital area to trace vein path, warming the site, gentle massaging, lowering the arm over the bed side, asking the patient for a preferred site, or using the other arm. But ask the doctor for a preferred site.
For hand vein punctures
The posterior , dorsal surface of the wrist is preferred because the veins are larger.
The patients who have mastectomies
Often have lymph nodes removed from the same surgical area. Swelling often occurs on the affected side of the body. Blood should not be withdrawn from the mastectomy side unless approved by a physician. The other arm should be considered first as an alternate site
In a venipuncture procedure
The needle should always be inserted with the bevel side upward and directly above a prominent vein or slightly below the palpable vein.
Wing infusion sets are used for difficult venipuncture
Patients with small hand and wrist veins, patients who are young children, severely burned, geriatric, patients who have numerous needlestick/ oncology patients, restrictive position/ arthritis and fragile skin. Young and adult males
Peak and trough levels
Of certain drugs are useful to monitor the therapeutic levels.
The preferred order of draw would be
Blood cultures, coagukation, hematology and chemistry tubes. However, phlebotomist must follow the order of draw recommended by individual manufacturers and by their health care organizations
A butterfly system could be used to diminish the likelihood of
Complications, in addition the phlebotomist should be careful with site selection and document the patients conditions to explain ung results
in past research studies the unethical treatment of humans led to
the national research act
when a patient should be allowed to die is a topic closely related to
moral issues of bioethics
a large number of negligence health care lawsuit cases arise out of the violence of
privacy of patient confidentiality
a phlebotomist performing which of the following procedures is considered a CLIA 88 waived procedure
dipstick urinalysis
bioethics refers to
life and death issues
cross examination is
used during the trial to obtain information regarding the possibility of malpractice of a health care worker or in other type of trials as well
if the phleb unintentionally hit the patient median nerve in the venipuncture procedure he or she
can be accused of professional negligence
an agency that has recognized patients rights through the patient care partnership is
american hospitality association AHA
a child who refused to have his blood collected was locked in a room by a health care worker and was forced to have his blood collected .this is an example of
assault and battery
the best definition for ethics is
moral standards of behaviour
all of the following are ways to avoid malpractice litigation except
reporting incidents within 48hrs
before a patients lab test result can legally be released the patient must
provide written consent
which legal concept refers to the voluntary permission by a patient to allow touching,examination and or treatment by health care provider
informed consent
an IRB requires
a blood collector in research project to attend a course on the protection of research participants
in HIV related issues for phlebotomist the
employer is legally responsible for monitoring HIV post exposure follow up
the CLIA88 was passed to
ensure that quality and accuracy of lab testing
for a phleb to collect blood for a research study in a health care institution he or she must obtain consent from the research participant due to
IRB requirements
a patient claimed in court that the phleb did not perform proper blood collection procedure that led to an alleged injury, the patient must show that the phleb failed to meet
the prevailing standard
violation of patients confidiantially
can be considered professional negligence
which of the following legal branches writes laws called statutes
legislative branch
the judicial brach of the govt
establishes case law
which of the following legal term refers to the concept that supervisors and directors may be help liable for the negligent actions of their employees
respondeat superior
the phrase if u do not let me collect ur blood your infection will probably become severe spoken by a phle to a patient can
lead to an assault and battery charge
what is cross examination in malpractice lawsuit
information obtained during the trial to obtain information regarding the possibilty of malpractice of a health care worker
when the health care provider gives aid at an accident he or she is usually protected through
implied consent
in the legal cases what a reasonably prudent person would do under similar circumstance refers to
standard of care
which of the following organization is influential in setting the standard of care for phleb practice
the joint commision
Which of the following is a commonly identified pathogenic microorganism that causes health-care-acquired skin infections
candida albicans
The clinical laboratory contributes to all of the following except:
decontaminating the surgery rooms with disinfectants to kill amebic organisms
Transmission-based precautions to reduce the spread of meningitis are referred to as:
droplet precautions
An outbreak of particular health-care-acquired infections in a health care facility is detected through:
infection control surveillance
Health-care-acquired infections occur when what is complete?
chain of infection
Health-care-acquired infections are also referred to as:
nosocomial infections
A commonly identified causative agent of health-care-acquired infections in the nursery unit is:
Escherichia coli
In the process of preparing to enter a patient's room in isolation, which of the following wold occur first?
donning a mask
Which of the following organizations requires the development and implementation of an infection control program in a health care facility?
The Joint Commission
What, as part of the U.S. Public Health Service, oversees the investigation of various diseases?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
A nosocomial infection occurs when:
the chain of infection is complete
The following hand-hygiene antiseptic agent is most effective for Mycobcterium tuberculosis:
isopropyl alcohol
Which of the following interrupts the link between the susceptible host and the source in the chain of infection?
good nutrition
Protective isolation is commonly used for patients who have:
immunodeficiency disorders
Of the 35 million patients admitted to hospitals annually in the US, about how may acquire a nosocomial infection?
1.75-3 million
Under the CDC isolation guidelines, three sets of precautions include:
airborne, droplet, and contact
Which of the following is considered a fomite?
phlebotomy tray
Which of the following isolation techniques requires that any blood collection equipment taken into the patient's room must be taken out after the blood is collected?
droplet precautions contact precautions
Disinfectants are:
chemicals that are used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms
Which of the following chemicals has the fastest speed of action in hand-hygiene antiseptic cleaning?
phenol derivatives
In health care facilities, which is a typical fomite?
laboratory coat
Which of the following would require droplet precautions?
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Which of the following is designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in health care facilities?
standard precautions
Which type of isolation precaution is frequently required for patients with infections that are transmitted through direct hand contact with colonized microorganisms?
contact precautions
Babies whose mothers have which of the following problems must be isolated from other infants?
genital herpes
What infectious agent affecting a patient requires the use of a personal respirator by the phlebotomist?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which of the following is not a component that makes up the chain of infection?
mode of transportation
If an accident occurs, such as a needlestick, the injured health care provider should immediately:
cleanse the area with isopropyl alcohol and apply and adhesive bandage
In spanish, peligro biologico refers to the English term:
bloodborne pathogens
Therapeutic measures (ie., chemotherapy, radiation therapy) in a patient create what part of the chain of infection?
susceptible host
In addition to standard precautions, use contact precautions for patients with known:
wound infections
Which of the following requires respiratory protective equipment for the plebotomist?
airborne precautions
Good nutrition can break the chain of nosocomial infections between the:
source and the susceptible host
The skin puncture site should be
Cleaned with 70% isopranol and thoroughly dried before being punctured because residual alcohol prevents round drops of blood from forming which is needed for blood smear preparation
Residual alcohol may
In fact provide an extra measure of sterility, it does not provide an extra measure of test reliability
The finger stick procedure involves
Holding a patient's finger firmly with the phlebotomist thumb away from the puncture site. The puncture should be done on one sharp, continuous movement and gentle pressure can be applied to the finger the preferred site for skin puncture are the third and fourth fingerm
The preferred site is
The fleshy, central surface of the fingertip, not the extreme tip on. On the third finger
Capillary blood acquired by skin puncture
Is significantly different than that of venous blood acquired by venipuncture. It is composed of blood from arteries, venules, capillaries and intracellular and interstitial fluids
Synovial fluid is
Fluid found in between joints.
Interstitial fluid
Is a tissue fluid
Using the first drop of blood
Can have an adverse on a skin puncture specimen because it may be diluted with tissue fluids thus causing erroneous results in laboratory test
Good blood smears
Should cover about one half of the slide, have feathered edge
Blood smears
No rideges, lines, or holes should be present on a blood smear
Skin puncture blood is composed of
Tissue fluids, blood from arterioles, and venules and blood from capillaries. The content of arterial blood is actually grater in skin puncture blood than venous blood because the arterial pressure in the capital is stronger than the venous pressure
Skin puncture samples are often used for
White blood cell differentials.they are also used for a variety of screening tests. E.g glucise, cholesterol. And other point of care procedures
Blood gases are usually
Evaluated using arterial samples
Drug levels
Usually requires urine or larger amounts of blood than are possible from a skin puncture
Warming a site skin
For skin puncture increases blood flow to the site
The best angle for spreading
A blood smear using two glass slides is approximately 30 degress
The average depth of a skin puncture
Should be 2 to 3 mm for an adult to avoid hitting the bone
Osteomyelitis
Is defined an inflammation and infection of the bone
A capillary tube fills with blood during a puncture procedure using capillary action
Whereby blood flows freely into the tube on contact without suction
Over filling of EDTA microcollection tube
Can cause clot formation
Cell morphology
May change because of inadequate filling, thereby altering the blood to additive ration
Fasting status
Is important for collecting many types of blood specimens
The fingers of newborns
Are not recommended for skin punctures sites
Laser devices
Are skin puncture alternatives
The order of draw for filling microcollection tubes
With capillary blood is noy the same as for venipuncture
Cyanotic finger is
Bluish in color due to insufficient oxygen
During the skin puncture procedure
The cut should be oriented across the fingerprint lines
Contaminated gloves
Should be disposed of in a biohazardous container adjacent to the procedure area
which of the following is the most effective form of communication
face to face conversation
some patients are intimidate when confronted with a health care worker they dont know.which of the following strategies would encourage a shy patient to communicate with a new phle
show empathy and use active listening skills
why is it important for phle to enjoy communicating with patients
improve the likelihood of effective quality care
when a phle builds a good rapport with a patient,what is he or she doing
being courteous and showing interest to improve patient satisfaction
if a phleb walks into a patient room that has tv on very loud,what should be the first course of action prior to beginning the procedure
ask the patient if it is ok to reduce the volume or turn the television off
what should a phle do if a patient cannot speak english and the patients cannot 11year old child offers to translate for his parent during the initial patient encounters
get a translator or written instruction in the patient native language
while setting up for a routine venipuncture the patient asked the phle will this hurt ,what is the most appropriate response
it will hurt a little but it should be over quickly
which of the following is the appropriate protocol for health care worker who are involved in specimen collection
the blood collector should state that the patients physician ordered blood to be collected for testing and that it would be best to discuss the lab tests with the physician
a busy phleb was in a hurry one morning when she quickly awakened he next patient and suddenly approached the patient for a routine veni, the patient became visibly nervous ,anxious,and refused to have her blood drawn ,which of the following factors could explain the patient reaction
the phleb intruded into the patient's zone of comfort too quickly
cultural sensitivity for phleb involve learning about all except which of the following factors
skin sensitivity to pain
which of the following behaviours should the phleb avoid in his or her patient care and blood collection activities
making a deep sigh when collecting the blood
braille is defined as which of the following
writing system for sightless individuals
when communicating with a patient who has hearing impairment the first step in preparation would be which of the following
reduce external noise
a phleb has entered a hospital room and the patient is eliza smith ,after the phle introduces himself or herself what is the next question he or she should ask to confirm the name or identify of the patient
could u please state ur name and spell it for me
why is a documentation of all clinical events important
to monitor quality and coordination of care
a nurse stated to a phle that one of a patients lab test result was a mistake,the nurse asked the phleb to change the test result immediately,what should the phleb do
investigate the situation more thoroughly prior to taking action
when documenting errors in a paper based medical record which of the following statement is most appropriate
errors should not be erased ,but noted and corrected
if a phle wanted to look up details about specimen containers or tube requirement while on duty at his or her hospital ,what probably be the best source for the information
specimen collection manual
like many lab dept one hosp policies did not allow release of infor directly to patients ,however a patient made an emergency telephone call to the lab and asked a specific question about his or her own lab result ,what was the most appropriate course of action for the phle
using a professional tone of voice follow the organizations direction about referring the patient to the appropriate person
a phleb inadvertently overheard a conversation between a doctor and a patient abt a medical condition that is unrelated to the specimen collection or lab test process,what is the best course of action regarding the sharing of this info with other individual in the hosp
the info is classified and should not be shared
a phleb was asked by a patient to fax test result to her home so she would not have to go back to the doc,what is the most appropriate course of action for the phleb
follow the employers policies regarding the use or transmission of lan results
bar codes can be used in health care for patient identification purposes,which of the following characterizes how bar codes are interpreted
light and dark bends of varying widths represents alphanumeric symbols
the most efficient and accurate way of making labels for specimen is by
printing from computerized system
what is an RFID
identification tag using silicon chips and a wireless receiver
what type on information cannot be covered into bar code symbols
handwritten information
a phlebotomist noticed that new printed labels for lab specimens came with a smaller transfer label,what could this smaller label be used for
aliquot tubes,cuvettes and microscope slides
in designing a report /results form for laboratory results which one of the listed elements is not required
patient and physician address
the use of electronically generated blood drawing list or log sheet in a specimen collection area serves to
provide a record of specimen collected
QC records do not include information about
employee health
bar codes in phleb application are not used for which one of the following
patients arm preference
a critical value is a
test result that may be life threatening
computers can be used in which of the phases of clinical lab workflow
preanalytic ,analytic postanalytic
what should a phleb do if there are too many visitors in a patient room when a blood specimen is to be collected STAT
politely ask the visitors to step into the hall while the blood is being collected
if a patient is having a private conversation with his or her physician when the phle shows up to collect blood routine specimen what should the phleb do
perform the procedure at a later time
when sending receiving email communication which of the following should be avoided
use of symbols such as !!!
which generation of workers is used to a more hierarchical form of leadership
veterans/traditionalist
generations of workers are used to different forms of feedback from their supervisors and peers ,which group would most likely want instant feedback
millennials /generations y
which group of workers most likely be happy with little or no feedback for example no news is good news
veterans/traditionalists
when communicating with patients changing ones speech to faster pace and higher pitch can communicate a sense of
urgency and emergency
a moderate pace and volume in ones voice can communicate a sense of
confidence and calm
a legally blind patient is entitled to use which of the following in any health care facility
guide dog
the term critical value refers to which of the following
a life threatening test results
what type laboratory test result should be reported to a patient's physician as soon as possible?
a critical value
clinical or meidcal records whether records whether they are electronic or paper based documents provide legal protection because
they provide proof that an action was performed and documented
An early medical theory developed by ___ stated that disease was the result of excess substance...
Hippocrates
One important surgical technique was venesection (cutting vein), used in the process of _____
bloodletting.
The value of leach therapy lies in the components of the worm's_____.
Saliva; which contains a local vasodilator, a local anethetic, and hirudin (an anticoagulant)
Polycythemia
a disorder involving the overproduction of red blood cells.
Certification
A voluntary process by which an agency grants recognition to an individual who has met certain prerequisites in a particular technical area.
Licensure
an official document or permit granted by a state agency that gives legal permission for a person to work in a particular health profession.
Continuing Education
Designed to update the knowledge or skills of participants and is generally geared to a learning activity or course of study for a specific group of health professionals, such as phlebotomists.
By recognizing diversity
The phlebotomist promotes goodwill and harmonious relationships that directly improve health outcomes, the quality of services, and public relations.
Professionalism
Is defined as the conduct and qualities that characterize a professional person.
Self confidence
Phlebotomists who exhibit self confidence has the ability to trust his or her own personal judgement.
Integrity
A concept that has to do with a personal feeling of "wholeness".
The Patient Bill of Rights in Medicare and Medicaid.
Medicare now requires that patients be informed of their rights, including the right to know what treatment, and the right to confidentiality.
Confidentiality is such an important issue in testing for HIV that the patient must sign a ____
Consent form before the specimen for the test can be collected.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) of 1996.
A federal law was passed requiring all healthcare providers to obtain as patients consent in writing before disclosing medical information.
Communications defined
The means by which information is exchanged or transmitted.
Kinesics
The study of nonverbal communication. It includes characteristics of body motion and language such as facial expression, gestures, and eye contact.
Kinesic slip
When verbal and nonverbal messages do not match.
Proxemics
The study of an individual's concept and use of space.
Two general categories of facilities.
Inpatient (Nonambulatory) and Outpatient (Ambulatory)
Three levels of healthcare
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
Public Health Service (PHS)
To promote the protection and advancement of the nation's physical and mental health.
A third party payer.
Can be an insurance company, the federal government, a managed care program, or a self-insured company that pays for healthcare services on behalf of its employees.
Today's large managed care organizations (MCOs) evolved from prepaid healthcare plans such as ______
health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs)
Integrated healthcare delivery systems (IDSs)
A healthcare provider made up of a number of associated medical facilities that furnish coordinated healthcare services from prebirth to death.
Hematology
The hematology department performs laboratory tests that identify diseases associated with blood and blood-forming tissues.
Coagulation
Coagulation is the study of the ability of blood to form and dissolve clots.
Chemistry
The chemistry department performs most laboratory tests.
Serology or Immunology
The term serology means the study of serum. Serology tests deal with the body's response to the presence of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic diseases stimulating antigen-antibody reactions that can easily be demonstrated in the laboratory.
Urinalysis (UA)
maybe housed in hematology or chemistry area.
Microbiology
The microbiology department analyzes body fluids and tissues for the presence of microorganisms, primarily by means of culture and sensitivity (C&S) testing.
Blood Bank (Immunohematology)
The blood bank or immunohematology department of the laboratory prepares blood products to be used for patient transfusions.
Histology
Defined as the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
Cytology
Cytology tests are concerned with the structure of cells.
Cygogenetics
In this section, samples are examined for chromosomal deficiences that relate to genetic disease.
Specimens used for chromosomal studies include:
Tissue, blood, and amniotic fluid.
Reference Laboratories
Large independent laboratories that receive specimens from many different facilities located in the same city, other cities in the same state, or even cities that are out of state.
Laboratory Director/Pathologist
The pathologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing disease, through the use of laboratory tests results, in tissues removed at operations from postmortem examinations.
Laboratory Administrator/Laboratory Manager
The lab administrator is usually the technologist with an advanced degree and several years of experience.
Duties of the administrator include:
overseeing all operations involving physician and patient services.
Technical Supervisor
Is responsible for the administration of the area and who reports to the laboratory administrator.
Medical Technologist/Medical Laboratory Scientist
Generally has a bachelor's (BS) degree plus additional studies and experience in clinical laboratory testing.
The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88)
Is a federal law that allows the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services to regulate all sites performing laboratory testing in the United States.
Hematocrit
Abbreviation: HctTube: LavenderValues correspond to the red cell count and hemaglobin level; when decreased indicates anemic conditions.
Hemoglobin
Abbreviation: HgbTube: LavenderDecreased values indicate anemic conditions; values normally differ with age, sex, altitude, and hydration.
Red blood cell count
Abbreviation: RBC countTube: LavenderMeasure of erythropoietic activity; decreases in numbers are related to anemic conditions.
White blood cell count
Abbreviation: WBC countTube: LavenderAbnormal leukocyte response indicative of various conditions, such as infections and malignancies; When accompanied by low WBCs, differential test becomes more specific.
Platelet Count
Abbreviation: Plt Ct.Tube: LavenderDecreased numbers are indicative of hemorrhagic diseases; values may be used to monitor chemotherapy or radiation treatments.
Differential white count
Abbreviations: DiffTube: LavenderChanges in the appearance or number of specific cell types signify specific disease conditions; values are also used to monitor chemotherapy or radiation treatments.
Indices
Changes in RBC size, weight, and Hgb content indicate certain types of anemias.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Abbreviation: MCHTube: LavenderReveals the weight of the hemoglobin in the cell, regardless of size.
mean corpuscular volume
Abbreviation: MCVTube: LavenderReveals the size of the cell, Decreased MCV is associated with thalassemia and iron-deficiency anemia.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Abbreviation: MCHCTube: LavenderReveals the hemoglobin concentration per unit volume of RBCs.
Red blood cell distribution width
Abbreviation: RDWTube: LavenderReveals the size differences of the RBCs.
Bone marrow
Tube: LavenderDetects abnormal blood cells and evaluates blood cell formation and function.
Cerebrospinal and other body fluids
Abbreviation: CSFTube: LavenderPresence or absence, number and type of cells. Hematocrit on fluid indirectly measures fluid volume.
Eosinophil count
Tube: LavenderIncreased numbers in direct count indicate parasitic infections and allergies.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Abbreviation: ESRTube: LavenderIncreased rate at which red blood cells settle out is indicative of inflammatory conditions or necrosis of tissue.
Lupus erythematosus
Abbreviation: LE cellsTube: Lavenderpresence of typical LE cells is diagnostic of systemic LE.
Osmotic fragility
Tube: LavenderIncreased red cell fragility is indicative of hemolytic and autoimmune anemias.
Reticulocyte (retic) count
Abbreviation: retic countTube: LavenderIncreased number of retics in circulating blood attest to bone marrow hyperactivity.
Sick cell screen
Tube: LavenderSickling of red cells indicates presence of Hgb S, and abnormal hemoglobin variant.
amino acid
Building blocks of protein
anemia
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
antecubital space
space located at the bend in the elbow
anticoagulant
a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
antigen
A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody
arterial blood
They take blood from an artery. Done by respiratory. It is an arterial blood specimen done at the hand or forearm. Looks at - Oxygen carried in the blood, Carbon dioxide carried in the blood, pH level. Following an ABG make sure that there is no bleeding in the site afterwards.
aseptic technique
-Includes all activities to prevent or break the chain of infection
biohazardous
items contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions
blood culture tube
This test is collected in a tube with a light-blue topthe first order of draw recommended by the NCCLS (2004)
blood type test
determine blood type and compatibility
CLIA waived test
Tests that provide simple, unvarying results and require minimal amount of judgment and interpretation
CPR
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
capillary
A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.
centrifuge
A device that spins test tubes of blood
chemical additive
can prevent growth of microbes, but may be toxic
cholesterol
A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods.<200 mg/d
coagulation tube
has a blue stopper, and is used when drawing blood for coagulation (clotting) studies, such as prothrombin time (PT)
complete blood count
The number of RBC's (red blood cells), WBC's (white blood cells) and platelets (per cubic millimeter) that are present in the patient's sample of blood is determined.
congenital disease
disease that exists at birth.
contaminate
To harm by contact with something undesirable
department of health and human services
Funds medical research
disinfection
A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores, from inanimate objects
EDTA tube
for hemoglobin A1c test
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
ESR; TEST THAT MEASURES THE SPEED AT WHICH RBC'S SETTLE OUT IN ANTICOAGULATED BLOOD
fasting
Nothing to eat or drink for at least 12 hours.
fasting blood sugar test
measures the glucose (blood sugar) levels after the patient has not eaten for 8-12 hours
glucose
70-110
glucose tolerance test
Fasting = 60-110 mm/dL, 1 hour = 190 mm/dL, 2 hours = 140 mm/dL, 3 hours = 125 mm/dL
glycohemoglobin test
determine the control of pt blood sugar in the last 2-3 months
HIV
A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system.
hematocrit
% of total blood volume that is cells
hematoma
A localized swelling filled with blood
hemoglobin
(f) 12-16 ; (m) 14 - 18A four-subunit protein found in red blood cells that binds oxygen. Each subunit contains a heme group, a large multi-ring molecule with an iron atom at its center. One hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules in a cooperative manner.
hemolysis
Destruction of blood (breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin).
hepatitis B
A form of hepatitis that is transmitted through contact with infected blood, body fluids (sexually transmitted), contaminated needles
insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
lancet
SMALL, SHARP INSTRUMENT USED TO PERFORM CAPILLARY PUNCTURES
metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
microorganism
A small living plant or animal seen only with a microscope; a microbe
nonadditive tube
name the tube that does not need mixing
order of draw
1. Yellow, 2. Light Blue, 3. Red, 4. Gold, Tiger Top, Red/Yellow/Black, 5. Green, Light Green, Green/Gray, 6. Purple/Lavender, 7. Pink, 8. Gray, 9. Royal Blue, 10. Tan
phenylketonuria
A rare inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Accumulation of phenylalanine in untreated cases causes CNS toxicity, most notably mental deficiency; organ damage; unusual posture; and can, in cases of maternal, severely compromise pregnancy PKU
phlebotomy
Incision of a vein
plasma
1. Yellow liquid component of blood in which the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended 2. It makes up about 55% of the total blood volume 3. Intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid 4. mostly water (93% by volume) and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, hormones and carbon dioxide
plasma separating tube
Light Green Tube Top (PST) additive
platelets
150,000-400,000Blood clotting
polycythemia
A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
separator gel
Used to create a physical barrier between the serum and the cells; after collection, tube is inverted 5 times, blood allowed to clot for 30 minutes, then centrifuged; during centrifugation, the gel positions between the serum and cell layers. The gel also contains a clot activator
serum separating tube
SST Tube
specimen
a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes
standard precautions
A strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious.
tourniquet
A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity.
urinate
excrete or expel urine
vaccine
A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
venipuncture
Entering the skin with a needle, generally to draw a blood sample.
venous blood
BLOOD OBTAINED FROM A VEIN; OXYGEN-DEPLETED BLOOD WHICH IS DARKER THAN ARTERIAL BLOOD.
An early medical theory developed by ___ stated that disease was the result of excess substance...
Hippocrates
One important surgical technique was venesection (cutting vein), used in the process of _____
bloodletting.
The value of leach therapy lies in the components of the worm's_____.
Saliva; which contains a local vasodilator, a local anethetic, and hirudin (an anticoagulant)
Polycythemia
a disorder involving the overproduction of red blood cells.
Certification
A voluntary process by which an agency grants recognition to an individual who has met certain prerequisites in a particular technical area.
Licensure
an official document or permit granted by a state agency that gives legal permission for a person to work in a particular health profession.
Continuing Education
Designed to update the knowledge or skills of participants and is generally geared to a learning activity or course of study for a specific group of health professionals, such as phlebotomists.
By recognizing diversity
The phlebotomist promotes goodwill and harmonious relationships that directly improve health outcomes, the quality of services, and public relations.
Professionalism
Is defined as the conduct and qualities that characterize a professional person.
Self confidence
Phlebotomists who exhibit self confidence has the ability to trust his or her own personal judgement.
Integrity
A concept that has to do with a personal feeling of "wholeness".
The Patient Bill of Rights in Medicare and Medicaid.
Medicare now requires that patients be informed of their rights, including the right to know what treatment, and the right to confidentiality.
Confidentiality is such an important issue in testing for HIV that the patient must sign a ____
Consent form before the specimen for the test can be collected.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) of 1996.
A federal law was passed requiring all healthcare providers to obtain as patients consent in writing before disclosing medical information.
Communications defined
The means by which information is exchanged or transmitted.
Kinesics
The study of nonverbal communication. It includes characteristics of body motion and language such as facial expression, gestures, and eye contact.
Kinesic slip
When verbal and nonverbal messages do not match.
Proxemics
The study of an individual's concept and use of space.
Two general categories of facilities.
Inpatient (Nonambulatory) and Outpatient (Ambulatory)
Three levels of healthcare
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
Public Health Service (PHS)
To promote the protection and advancement of the nation's physical and mental health.
A third party payer.
Can be an insurance company, the federal government, a managed care program, or a self-insured company that pays for healthcare services on behalf of its employees.
Today's large managed care organizations (MCOs) evolved from prepaid healthcare plans such as ______
health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs)
Integrated healthcare delivery systems (IDSs)
A healthcare provider made up of a number of associated medical facilities that furnish coordinated healthcare services from prebirth to death.
Hematology
The hematology department performs laboratory tests that identify diseases associated with blood and blood-forming tissues.
Coagulation
Coagulation is the study of the ability of blood to form and dissolve clots.
Chemistry
The chemistry department performs most laboratory tests.
Serology or Immunology
The term serology means the study of serum. Serology tests deal with the body's response to the presence of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic diseases stimulating antigen-antibody reactions that can easily be demonstrated in the laboratory.
Urinalysis (UA)
maybe housed in hematology or chemistry area.
Microbiology
The microbiology department analyzes body fluids and tissues for the presence of microorganisms, primarily by means of culture and sensitivity (C&S) testing.
Blood Bank (Immunohematology)
The blood bank or immunohematology department of the laboratory prepares blood products to be used for patient transfusions.
Histology
Defined as the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
Cytology
Cytology tests are concerned with the structure of cells.
Cygogenetics
In this section, samples are examined for chromosomal deficiences that relate to genetic disease.
Specimens used for chromosomal studies include:
Tissue, blood, and amniotic fluid.
Reference Laboratories
Large independent laboratories that receive specimens from many different facilities located in the same city, other cities in the same state, or even cities that are out of state.
Laboratory Director/Pathologist
The pathologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing disease, through the use of laboratory tests results, in tissues removed at operations from postmortem examinations.
Laboratory Administrator/Laboratory Manager
The lab administrator is usually the technologist with an advanced degree and several years of experience.
Duties of the administrator include:
overseeing all operations involving physician and patient services.
Technical Supervisor
Is responsible for the administration of the area and who reports to the laboratory administrator.
Medical Technologist/Medical Laboratory Scientist
Generally has a bachelor's (BS) degree plus additional studies and experience in clinical laboratory testing.
The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88)
Is a federal law that allows the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services to regulate all sites performing laboratory testing in the United States.
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency federal that regulates the disposal of hazardous waste.
RACE
RescueAlarmConfineExtinguish
Hemochromatosis
To much iron
Engineering controls
Devices that isolate or remove a blood borne pathogen hazard from the workplace.
Chain of infection
Number of events in a series, lead to an infection.
CDC
Centers for Disease Control Prevention, division of the U.S. Public Health Service They investigate and control disease w epidemic potential.
Boihazard
Anything potentially harmful to health.
BBP
Blood borne pathogen
IDN
Integrated delivery networks
Polycythemia
Disorder of overproduction of RBC's
TherapeuticReasons
Removal of bloodPolycythemia, Hemochromatosis
PM
Personalized medicine
PCP
Primary Care Physician
Kinesics
Study of nonverbal communication
Kinetic slip
When verbal and nonverbal do not match
Medicaid
Federal and State program that provides medical assistance for low-income Americans
Medicare
Federally funded program that provides healthcare to people over age 65 and disabled
Proxemics
Study of an individual's concept and use of space
MCO
Managed Care Organization
PHI
Protected health information
MLS
Medical Lab Scientist
PHS
Public Health Service
Primary care
Care by General physician who assumes on going responsibility for maintaining a patient's health
Secondary care
Care by a physician (specialist) who can perform out-of-the-ordinary procedures in outpatient facilities
Reference Laboratories
Large independent laboratories that receive and test specimens from many different facilities
Phlebotomy
Incision into the vein for the purpose of drawing blood or Venesection
Tertiary Care
Specialized health care for inpatients
Standard of Care
Normal level of skill and care a healthcare practitioner would provide for their patients
Respondent Superior
Latin ,``let the master respond``. Employers must answer for damages their employees cause
Quality indicators
Guides used as monitors of all areas of patient care
QC
Quality control Specific activities/techniques to fulfill requirements for a quality service/product.
QA
Quality assurance Processes used to create standard quality service/prevention of problems.
Plaintiff
Injured party in the litigation process
PSC
Patient Service Centers
NPSG
National Patient Safety Goals
Negligence
Failure to exercise due care
Malpractice
Type of negligence committed by a professional
Invasion of Privacy
Violation of one's right to be left alone
Informed consent
Implies voluntary and competent permission for a medical procedure, test or meds
IQCP
Individualized Quality Control Plan
Due care
The level of care a person w intelligence and good sense would exercise under the circumstances
GLP
Good Laboratory Practices
Discovery
Formal process in litigation that involves taking depositions and interrogating the parties involved
Fraud
Deceitful practice or false portrayal of facts by either words or conduct
Deposition
Process in which one party questions another under oath while a court reporter records every word
Delta check
Comparison of current results of a lab test w previous results for the same test and patient
Defendant
In a lawsuit, a person against whom a complaint is filed
CQI
Continuous Quality Improvement
CLSI
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Civil actions
Legal actions in which the alleged injured party sues for monetary damages
Breach of confidentiality
Failure to keep privileged medical information private
Battery
Intentional harmful or offensive touching or use of force on a person without consent or legal justification
Assault
Act or threat causing another to be in fear of immediate battery
Statue of Limitations
Law setting the length of time an alleged injury which the injured person is permitted to file a lawsuit
TJC
The Joint CommissionOrganization, establishing standards for hospitals/health related facilities.
Threshold Values
Level of acceptable practice beyond which quality patient care cannot be assured
Tort
Wrongful act committed against one's person, property, reputation, or legally protected right
ACA
Affordable Care Act
ACO
Accountable Care Organization
CLIA ''88''
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988
AHCCCS
Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System
Certification
Evidence an individual has Mastered fundamental competencies in a particular technical area
Vicarious liability
Liability imposed by law on one person for acts committed by another
HMO
Health Maintenance Organization
CMS
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
CPT
Current Procedural Terminology
Exsanguinate
To remove all blood
Case Manager
person who coordinates medical services on behalf of a patient
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Communication barriers
Biases or personalized filters that are major obstructions to verbal communication
ICD-10-PCS
International Classification of Diseases, Revision Procedural Coding System
Isolation procedures
Procedures to separate patients with transmissible infections from contact with others.
Standard precautions
precautions intended to minimize risk of infection transmission when caring for all patients.
Susceptible host
Individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent.
Transmission based precautions
precautions used with standard precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible significant pathogens
Infectious / causative agent
pathogen responsible for causing an infection. Also called causative agent
Immune
Protected or resistant to a particular disease/infection because of development of antibody's through vaccination or recovery from the disease.
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HICPAC
Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
HCV
Hepatitis C Virus
HCS
Hazard Communication Standard
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus
HAI
Healthcare Associated Infection
Fomites
Countertops and computer keyboards that can harbor infectious agents.
PPE
Personal Protection Equipment
Pictogram
Universally accepted symbolsrepresenting a word or idea by illustration.
Permucosal
Through mucous membranes
Neutropenic
Abnormal small number of neutrophils in the blood
NHSN
National Healthcare Safety Network
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Nosocomial infection
An infection acquired in a healthcare facility
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationU.S. gov't agency that mandates and enforces safe working conditions for employees.
Parenteral
Administration by any route other than digestive tract. Example: intravenous or intramuscular injection
Pathogens/Pathogenic
Microbes capable of causing disease
Percutaneous
Through the skin
Vehicle transmission
infectious disease spread through contaminated food, water, drugs, or blood transfusion.
Work practice controls
Practices used to reduce the likelihood of bloodborne pathogen exposure
Vector transmission
infectious disease spread by insect, anthropod (exoskeleton), or animal.
Microbe
short for microorganismNot visible to the naked eye.
Asepsis
Absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, typically during surgery.
Fire Tetrahedron
Triangle of fire components Heat, Fuel, Oxygen, Chemical
Reservoir
source of an infectious microorganism
SDS
Safety Data Sheets
Reverse isolation
Protective isolation for patients with compromised health conditions. Example: Burn victims, HIV, etc.
Class AClass BClass CClass DClass K
OrdinaryFlammableElectricalCombustible metalsKitchen, oils
Light blue
Sodium citrateCoagulation DeptPT, aPTT, bleeding time, dDimer(frozen),Fibrinogen(frozen)INR- international normalized ratio(TT)-thrombin time(FSP)Fibrin split products
Red (glass)
No additiveChemistry, Blood BankSerology/Immunology
Red (plastic)
Clot activator/ gel barrierChemistryBilirubin(fridge,foil),Creatinine(kidney,fridge)
Red Tiger Top
Clot activator & Gel separatorChemistryBUN/creatine/glucose
Green/grayLight green
Lithium heparin & Gel separatorChemistry
Green
Lithium heparinSodium heparinChemistrySTAT Plasma separator
Lavender
EDTAHematology WBC,RBC,Hgb,Hct, Platelet,diff ct., Eryth. sed.rate,MCV, MCH, MCHC globin, RDW-red dist. WidthAmmonia(Ice,chemistry)
Pink
EDTABlood Bank/Immunohemotology
Gray
Sodium fluoride & potassium oxalateSodium fluoride & EDTASodium fluorideChemistryGlucose
Royal blue
NoneEDTASodium heparinChemistry
Tan
EDTAChemistryleads
Yellow
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)Microbiology
Yellow
Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)Blood Bank/Immunohematology
Anticoagulant
Substance that prevents blood from clotting
Antiglycolytic agent
Prevents glycolysis (glucose breakdown)
Additive
Substance within a tube
ACD
Acid citrate dextrose (anticoagulant)
Hemostasis
After injury coagulation process
Fibrinolysis
Stage 4 homeostasisRemoval of blood clot once healing starts
Erythrocyte
RBCCarry oxygen from lungs to cells Transport CO2 away from cell to lungs
Systemic circulation
Pathway carries oxygenated blood from heartReturns blood to heart carrying CO2
Serum
Clear pale fluidCan be separated from blood specimenNo fibrinogen
Pulmonary circulation
Pathway that carries CO2 blood from heart to lungsWhere CO2 is removed, returns oxygenated blood to the heart
Plasma
Clear fluid Contains fibrinogen
Median cubical vein
1st choiceMiddle location ofantecubital fossa
Leukocyte
WBC nucleus cell function to fight infection
Extrinsic
Coagulation pathway starts by release of thromboplastinfrom injury
Intrinsic
Coagulation factors circulating the bloodstream
Atria
Upper receiving chambers on each side of heart
Arrhythmia
Irregular heart rhythm
Antecubital veins
Major superficial veins in antecubital fossa
Blood pressure
Measure of force exerted by the blood on walls of blood vessels
Basilic vein
Last choice, large vein on inner side of antecubital area
Cardiac cycle
One complete contraction & relaxation of the heart
Cephalic vein
2nd choice, located lateral of antecubital fossa
Coagulation
Blood clotting process
Cross match
Test to determine compatibility of donor & recipient blood or tissue
Diastole
relaxing phase of cardiac cycle
Systole
contracting phase of cardiac cycle
Thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin necessary for clot formation
Thrombocyte
Med term for platelets, help coagulate, smallest of formed elements
Vasoconstriction
Stage 1 of hemostasis, damaged vessel narrows to decrease flow of blood to injury
Ventricles
lower pumping, delivering chambers on each side of heart
Winged infusion set
1/2 - 3/4 inch stainless steel needle connected to 5-12 inch tube w multisample luer adapter for evacuated tubes (Butterfly Needle) 23 gauge common
Thixotropic gel
non-reacting synthetic gel in ETS tubes, forms barrier between cells & serum or plasma when centrifuged
SST
serum separator tubes
SPS
sodium polyanethol sulfonate, anticoagulant, reduces action of protein called complement, which destroys bacteria
Sodium fluoride
preserves glucose & inhibits growth of bacteria
Sodium citrate
anticoagulant, prevents clotting by binding calcium, preserves coagulation factors
Silica
glass particles used to enhance coagulation
Sharps container
special container to dispose sharps, needles
Shaft
long cylinder portion of needle
PST
plasma separator tube
Potassium oxalate
anticoagulant commonly used w antiglycolytic agent sodium fluoride
Order of draw
special sequence, minimize additive cross-contamination
Multisample needle
needle that allows multiple tubes to be collected
Lumen
inner space of a blood vessel or tube
Hypodermic needle
needle used with syringe
Hub
threaded end where needle attaches
Heparin
anitcoagulant prevents clotting, inhibits thrombin formation
Glycolysis
breakdown of glucose by blood cells
Gauge
diameter of lumen
Evacuated tube
premeasured vacuum, color coded w additive inside
ETS
evacuated tube system, blood flows directly from vein to tube
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraaacetic acid, anticoagulant, hematology, preserves cells & platelet clumping
Disinfectant
solutions used to kill microorganisms
clot activator
enhances coagulation
Bevel
point of needle, cut on slant for skin entry
Antiseptic
inhibits growth of bacteria, cleans skin
Stat
immediately
Requisition
form test orders are entered & sent to lab
reflux
backflow, blood into vein from collection tube during venipuncture
preop/postop
before surgery / after surgery
patient ID
process verifying patient's ID
patency
freely open, normal condition of a vein
palpate
examine by feel or touch
NPO
Nothing by mouth
needle sheath
needle cover
needle phobia
intense fear of needles
MR number
Medical record number for patient
ID card
clinic issued ID document
ID Band / bracelet
Identification
hospice
care of terminally ill
fasting
No food / drink for 12 hrs
EMLA
easily melted mix of local anesthetics
DNR / DNAR
Do Not Resuscitate / Do Not Attempt Resuscitate
bedside manner
behavior of healthcare provider toward patient
bar code
series black stripes, spaces, corresponds to letters & numbers
ASAP
as soon as possible
arm / wrist band
Two other names for ID band / bracelet
anchor
secure firmly
accession
process, recording in order received
Hemostatic Process
VasoconstrictionPrimary platelet plug formationSecondary hemostatic plug formationFibrinolysis
A-line
catheter placed in artery for(blood pressure, collect gas, blood specimens, administer drugs)
AV shunt fistula graft
permanent artery & vein fusion, access for dialysis. permanent artery & vein fusion,create access for dialysis.surgical connection of artery & vein using vein or tubing
bariatric
treatment of obesity
basal state
resting metabolic state, morning after fasting, 12 hrs
bilirubin
breakdown of RBC's
CVAD
central vascular access device
CVC
central venous catheter
diurnal
happening daily
circadian
biologic rhythms, having 24hr cycle
edema
swelling, abnormal fluid in tissues
exsanguination
blood loss, life cannot be sustained
hematoma
clotted blood following venipuncture
hemoconcentration
decrease of fluid content in blood(red blood cells)
hemolysis
damage of RBC's, (pink color, slight hemolysis, red, gross hemolysis)
iatrogenic
adjective used to describe condition by effects of treatment
icteric
"marked by jaundice", abnormal yellow color from bilirubin levels
implanted port
chamber, permanent, indwelling line under skin, upper chest or arm
IV
within a vein
jaundice
also called icterus; increased bilirubin, breakdown RBC's.
lipemic
serum/plasma, milky, due to high lipid content
lymphostasis
obstruction of normal lymph flow
petechiae
tiny red spots with tourniquet, capillary wall defect or platelet abnormalities
PICC
peripherally inserted central catheter
preanalytical
prior to analysis
reference ranges
normal lab values for healthy individuals
saline lock
catheter in vein( access to meds, drawing blood for 48 hrs)
sclerosed
hardened
syncope
medical term for fainting
thrombosed
vessel that is clotted
vasovagal
sudden faintness from nervous system(pain, stress, trauma)
venous stasis
trapping blood by vein compression
BMP
Basic metabolic panelGlucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, calcium
CMP
Comprehensive metabolic panelAlbumin, glucose, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, AST, ALT, total protein, total bilirubin, calcium
Electrolyte Panel
sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2
Hepatic function panel A
AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin
Lipid panel
Cholesterol, lipoprotein, high-density cholesterol(HDL)Triglycerides
Renal function panel
Glucose, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, calcium, albumin, phosphorus
"Arterialized" means
Arterial content has been increased
"Feather" is a term used to describe the appearance of:
The thinnest area of a blood film
A blood smear is required for this test:
Manual differential
A blood smear is:
Blood spread out on a microscope slide
A blood smear prepared from an EDTA specimen should be made:
Within 1 hour of specimen collection
A capillary puncture that parallels the whorls of the fingerprint will:
Allow blood to run down the finger
A cyanotic extremity would:
Be bluish in color
A differential test is unable to determine:
Packed cell volume
A laboratory report form should state that a specimen has been collected by capillary puncture:
Because results can vary by specimen source
A list of capillary puncture equipment would exclude:
Blood culture bottles
A recommended capillary puncture site on children 2 years of age or older is on the:
Pad of a middle finger
After making a blood smear:
Let it dry naturally
An acceptable routine blood smear:
Has a feathered edge
An infant may require a blood transfusion if blood levels of this substance exceed 18 mg/dL
Bilirubin
Blood collected by puncturing the skin is called capillary blood because:
It is from the dermal capillary bed
Capillary specimens contain:
All of the above: Arterial blood, tissue fluids, venous blood
CBG specimens are collected in:
Narrow-bore capillary tubes
Correct newborn screening test collection of handling includeds:
Using one large drop to entirely fill a collection circle
During multisample capillary specimen collection, blood smears and EDTA specimens are obtained before other specimens to minimize:
Effects of platelet aggregation
Errors in capillary glucose results have been attributed to:
Isopropanol contamination of the specimen
Falsely decreased bilirubin results can be caused by:
Failing to protect the specimen from light
Fluid in the spaces between the cells is called:
Interstitial fluid
If the phlebotomist makes a blood smear that is too short, he or she should try again and:
Decrease the angle of the spreader slide
If venous blood is placed in a microtube, it is important to:
Label it as a venous specimen
In an infant's heel, the area of the vascular bed that is rich in capillary loops is located:
Between .35 and .82 mm deep
Iron fillings used in capillary blood gas collection:
Help mix anticoagulant
It is inappropriate to apply a bandage to a capillary puncture site on an infant or child younger than 2 years of age because it can:
All of the above: Irritate the infant's tender skin, pull off & be a chocking hazard, tear delicate skin when removed
It is necessary to control the depth of lancet insertion during heel puncture to avoid:
Injuring the calcaneus
Lancets with permanently retractable blades are disposed of in the:
Sharps container
Neonatal screening is the testing of:
Newborns for certain disorders
One purpose of wiping away the first drop of blood (fig. 10-4) during capillary specimen collection is to:
Reduce tissue fluid contamination
Osteochondritis is:
Inflammation of the bone and cartilage
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a:
Genetic disorder involving phenylalanine metabolism
Proper finger puncture technique would exclude:
Puncturing parallel to the fingerprint
Referring to fig. 10-1, identify the letters of the fingers that are recommended as sites for capillary puncture:
C and D read/look at the figure.
Situations that require a venipuncture instead of capillary puncture include when a:
Light blue top tube has been ordered
Strong repetitive pressure, such as squeezing or milking a site during capillary specimen collection:
Can hemolyze and contaminate specimens
Test affected by povidone-iodine contamination of a capillary specimen include:
All of the above; Phosphorus, Potassium, Uric Acid
The antiseptic must be completely dried before performing capillary puncture to avoid:
Specimen hemolysis
The best way to mix blood in an additive microtube is to:
Invert it gently
The distance between the skin surface and the bone in the end segment of a finger is:
Shortest at the side and the tip
The major blood vessels of the skin are located:
At the dermal-subcutaneous junction
What is the purpose of warming the site before capillary puncture?
Increase the flow of blood
Which of the following action words associated with capillary puncture procedures steps are in the correct order?
Warm, clean, puncture, wipe, collect
Which of the following actions taken while filling microcollection tubes would be considered incorrect technique?
Scooping up blood as it runs down the finger
Which of the following are required characteristics of capillary puncture lancets?
All of the above: A controlled depth of puncture, Blades or points that are sterile, Permanently retractable blades
Which of the following can result in microclot formation in a specimen collected in an anticoagulant microtube?
Overfilling the tube
Which of the following capillary puncture techniques is incorrect?
Press the lancet down into the skin so it does not slip
Which of the following collection devices fill by capillary action?
Hematocrit tubes
Which of the following equipment is reusable?
Laser Lancet
Which of the following equipment is used to collect a manual packed cell volume test?
Microhematocrit tube
Which of the following equipment should be deleted from a list of capillary blood gas equipment?
Filter paper for blotting
Which of the following is least likely to contaminate a PKU test?
Using isopropyl alcohol to clean the site
Which of the following is normally a proper site for finger puncture on an adult?
Distal segment of the middle finger
Which of the following is the safest area of an infant's foot for capillary puncture?
Medial plantar heel
Which of the following patient conditions would make capillary puncture a good choice for specimen collection?
Iatrogenic anemia
Which of the following sites would normally be eliminated as a capillary puncture site?
Index finger of a woman
Which of the following statements most accurately describes capillary puncture blood?
A mix of venous, arterial, and capillary blood
Which of the following would be excluded form a list of reasons why capillary puncture is the preferred method to obtain blood from infants and children?
Results on capillary specimens are more accurate
Which of the following would be least likely to introduce excess tissue fluid into a capillary puncture specimen?
Wiping the alcohol dry
Which statement concerning capillary blood gases is untrue?
Results are much more accurate than ABGs
Which statement concerning microhematocrit tubes is incorrect?
They are coated with lithium heparin
Which test must be collected by venipucture?
Blood culture
Whorls as related to capillary puncture are:
Spiral patterns of fingerprints
You need to collect blood cultures, and green, light blue, and purple top tubes on an adult with difficult veins. Which of these can be collected by skin puncture?
Green top and purple top
arterialized
capillary blood increased by warming site
blood film/smear
blood drop spread thinly on slide
calcaneus
heel bone
CBG's
capillary blood gases
cyanotic
blue color from lack of oxygen
differential
under microscope test to determine number, type & characteristics of blood cells
feather
thinnest area of blood smear where differential is performed
galactosemia
disorder caused by lack of enzyme needed to convert milk sugar galactose into glucose
hypothyroidism
disorder, having insufficient thyroid hormones
interstitial fluid
fluid in tissue spaces between cells
intracellular fluid
fluid within the cells
lancet
sterile, disposable, sharp-pointed instrument that punctures skin for capillary blood specimens
microcollection containers or Microtubes
small plastic tubes to collect blood obtained from capillary puncture Bullets
microhematocrit tubes
disposable, narrow, capillary tubes that fill by capillary action
neonatal screening
routine test for newborns presence of metabolic & genetic disorder example: phenylketonuria
osteochondritis
inflammation of the bone & cartilage
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone marrow & adjacent bone
PKU
Phenylketonuria defect in metabolism of phenylalanine
planter surface
bottom of foot
posterior curvature
back of heel
whorls
spiral pattern of ridges & grooves that form a fingerprint
AABB
American Association of Blood Bank
ACT
Activated clotting time
aerobic
with air
anaerobic
without air
ARD
Antimicrobial removal device
autologous
Blood that is donated for one's own use
BAC
Blood alcohol concentration
bacteremia
bacteria in the blood
BNP
B-type natriuretic peptide
Chain of custody
special strict protocol for forensic specimens that requires detailed documentation tracking the specimen from the time it's collected until results are reported
Compatibility
ability to be mixed together; blood transfusions
CRP
C-reactive protein
EQC
electronic quality control
ETOH
Abbreviation for ethanol or blood alcohol
FAN
Fastidious antimicrobial neutralization
FUO
Fever of unknown origin
GTT
Glucose tolerance test
hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin
hypoglycemia
condition where the level of glucose sugar in the blood is low
hypokalemia
low potassium in the blood
hyponatremia
low sodium in the blood
hypoxemia
low level of oxygen in the blood
iCa2+
Ionized calcium
INR
International normalized ratio
K+
Potassium
lactate
A form of lactic acid that is used as a marker for severity of metabolic acidosis and stress response
lookback
Program that requires all components of a unit of blood to be traceable back to the donor and requires notification to blood recipients who received, turned positive, for a transmissible disease
Lysis
rupturing/bursting of RBC's
NIDA
National Institute on Drug Abuse
peak level
Drug level collected when the highest serum concentration of the drug is anticipated
POCT
Point of Care Testing
PP
Postprandial
septicemia
Microorganisms/toxins in the blood
TDM
Therapeutic drug monitoring
TGC
Tight glycemic index
Tnl
Troponin I, protein specific to heart muscle used in diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction/heart attack
TnT
Troponin T, protein specific to heart muscle, heart attack and to monitor effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy
trough level
drug level collected when the lowest serum concentration of the drug is expected, usually prior to the next scheduled dose.
AFP
Alpha-fetoprotein
Amniotic fluid
Clear fluid fills the membrane surrounding/ cushioning fetus in uterus
buccal swab
swab material collected from the inside of the cheek
C&S
culture & sensitivity
C. difficile
bacterium that causes symptoms from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon
catheterized
urine specimen collected from sterile catheter inserted through urethra into bladder
clean-catch
method of obtaining a urine sample that is free of contamination
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
expectorate
spit; act of ejecting saliva from mouth
FIT
Fecal immunochemical test/ fecal occult blood test
FOBT
fecal occult blood test
gastric analysis
test that examines stomach contents abnormalities & measures gastric acid concentration to evaluate stomach acid production
H. pylori
Helicobacter pylori, Bacterial secreting substances that damage lining of stomach & cause chronic gastritis which can lead to peptic ulcer disease
iontophoresis
electrical stimulation from electrodes placed on skin for production of sweat in the sweat chloride test
midstream
urine collection in middle of urination rather than beginning or end
NP
Nasopharyngeal
O&P
Ova & parasites test to detect intestinal parasites & eggs in feces
occult blood
Hidden blood in feces
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
pericardial fluid
fluid aspirated from the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart
peritoneal fluid
fluid aspirated from the abdominal cavity
pleural fluid
fluid aspirated from the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs
serous fluid
pale-yellow watery fluid found between double layered membranes that enclose the pleural, pericardial, peritoneal cavities
sputum
mucus or phlegm ejected from trachea, bronchi, lungs by deep coughing
suprapubic
obtaining uncontaminated bladder urine directly from inserting needle directly into bladder
sweat chloride
test of sweat production stimulation by electrical means then measuring chloride content to diagnose cystic fibrosis
synovial fluid
viscid (sticky) colorless fluid found in joint cavities
24-hour urine
pooled urine collected over a 24 hr period, beginning in the morning
UA
Urinalysis
UTI
Urinary tract infection
abducted
away from the body; position of arm for arterial blood gas collection
ABG
arterial blood gases
Allen test
noninvasive test to assess collateral circulation before collecting blood specimen from radial artery
arteriospasm
reflex involuntary contraction of the artery that can be caused by pain or irritation during needle penetration of artery muscle or result of anxiety during arterial puncture
brachial artery
Artery located in the medial anterior aspect of the antecubital fossa near insertion of the bicep muscle; 2nd choice for arterial puncture
collateral circulation
area supplied with blood from more than one artery so circulation can be maintained if one vessel is obstructed
femoral artery
large artery located in the groin, lateral to the pubic bone, used for arterial puncture
FiO2
fraction of inspired oxygen, as in oxygen therapy
L/M
liters per minute, in oxygen therapy
radial artery
located at the thumb side of the wrist, 1st choice, common site for arterial puncture
steady state
stable condition required in order to obtain blood gas specimens, condition where no exercise, suctioning, respirator change for 20-30 minutes
ulnar artery
located on medial aspect / little finger side of the wrist
Accession number
Number generated by laboratory information system (LIS) when specimen request is entered into the computer
Aerosol
Fine mist of specimen
Aliquot
Portion of specimen used for testing
Bar code
Series of black stripes & white spaces of varying widths that correspond to letters and numbers
Biobank
Bank where human biological samples, blood, saliva, plasma, skin cells, organ tissues can be stored & used in research
Breach
Failure to keep medical information private
Central processing
Screening & prioritizing area where specimens are received & prepared for testing
Centrifuge
Machine that spins blood tubes at a high number of revolutions per minute
Cloud
permanent secondary storage
Cursor
flashing indicator
Data
Information collected for analysis
DOT
Department of transportation
EMR
electronic medical records
Hardware
Computer equipment used to process data
HIS
hospital information system
IATA
International Air Transport Association
Icon
Images used to request appropriate programs or functions on computer
ID code
Unique identification for users
Input
Enter data into computer
Interface
Connect for the purpose of interaction
LIS
Laboratory information system
Measurand
quality/amount of substance measured
Menu
list of options
Middleware
software "glued together" two separate, already existing
Mnemonic
memory aiding code or abbreviation
Network
group of computers linked for sharing resources
Output
return of processed information or data to user or another location
Password
code that identifies a person and allows them to be a user
Postcentrifugation
after centrifuge
Preanalytical
prior to analysis
Precentrifugation
before centrifuge
QNS
Quality not sufficient
RAM
random access memory, main memory,temporary storage for data that will be lost when computer is shut off
RFID
radio frequency identification
RNA
ribonucleic acid, must be processed immediately or stored at 4 degrees C for only 48 hrs
ROM
read only memory,installed by manufacturer,permanent
Software
programming, coded instructions,designed to operate computer
Storage
preserving information
Terminal
computer screen/keyboard combination
USB drive
universal serial bus
How do you determine the Daily Blood Limitation?
Weight and Total Volume
What levels are tested for Electrolyte Testing?
< Sodium(Na+), Potassium(K+) >Bicarbonate(HO3-),and Ionized Calcium(iCa2+)
What is Not a Duty of a Phlebotomist?
Arterial Collection
What are Types of Communication Barriers?
Gender, Age, Language, Emotions, Culture, and Physical Issues
What Tubes produce Serum?
Red, Gold, Tiger Top/ SST
Venipuncture Order of Draw<Tube Colors and Additive>
1.Sterile 2.Light Blue(Citrate)3.Red(serum) 4.Tiger(serum)5.Gold(serum) 6.Green(Heparin)7.Lavender(EDTA)8.Grey(Oxalate)9.Royal Blue(EDTA)10.Yellow(ACD)
Capillary Order of Draw <tube color and Additive>
1.White (Blood Gas)2.Lavender (EDTA)3.Green(Heparin)4.Grey (Oxalate)5.Red (Serum)6. Black ( NewBorn Screens)<Card>
How many Microcollection containers (Max) can you draw on an Infant?(Microtubes/Microcontainer)
3 Microtubes
What does a Red top Tube Contain/Do?
Clot Activator/ Clots Blood
What is the "rule" for tourniquet use before and during blood draw?
1min. before and 2min while obtaining blood sample
What Tests Can Not be collected by Capillary draw?
Pt, PTT, Blood Cultures
What "tubes" are used for Blood Culture?
Anaerobic and Aerobic Sample Bottles
What is the proper chain of events for a GTT?
Fasting Blood Sugar<Within Range>Glucola drink Finish within 5minsthen test every 1/2,1,2,3 hours from time of finished drink
What does CLIA '88 stand for?
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988
What does CLSI stand for?
Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
What ID is required for Outpatient Testing?Inpatient?
Outpatient: Name & DOBInpatient: ID band matches Requistion
Grey Top Additive(s) and Department? Yield?
Sodium FluoridePotassium OxalateChemistryPlasma
Light Blue Top Additive(s) and Department? Yield?
Sodium CitrateCoagulationPlasma
Red Top,Tiger(SST),Gold Additive(s) and Department? Yield?
NoneClot Activator and gel separatorChemistrySerum
Green Top Additive(s) and Department? Yield?
Lithium Heparin (Chemistry)Sodium Heparin (Send Out Lab)Plasma
Lavender Top Additive(s) and Department? Yield?
EDTAHematologyPlasma
Pink Top Additive(s) and Department? Yield?
EDTABlood BankPlasma
Royal Blue Top Additive(s) and Department? Yield?
EDTAChemistryPlasma
Why do you wipe away the first drop of blood in capillary testing?
To remove tissue "juices" and possible alcohol residue
What Additives Yield Plasma?
EDTALithium/Sodium HaparinPotassium OxalateSodium Citrate
What Tubes contain Clot Activators?
Red,Gold,(SST)Tiger
What equipment is used to obtain blood in Venipuncture?
TourniquetGauzeAlcohol SwabCollection Device ( Multi draw needle, ETS holder, Butterfly,Ect..)Evacuated TubeCo-banGloves
What equipment is used to obtain blood in Capillary puncture?
GauzeAlcohol SwabMicrotainerLancetBand-aidGloves
A Jaundiced appearance of a patient means?
Liver Inflammation with High levels of Bilirubin
What Vein(s) are used for Venipuncture and in what order? Starting with your first choice
1.Median Cubital2.Cephalic3.Basilic
What causes Hemoconcentration?
Dehydration (decrease in fluid content of the blood, with an increase in non-filterable large molecule,or protein-based blood components such as RBC)
What are some reasons you might have Hemolysis?
drawing blood through a HematomaSlow Blood FlowRough handling of specimenfailure to wipe away first drop of blood(capillary) which could contain alcohol residuePage 284 Box 9-3 for a complete list
What does Preanalitical mean?
Before Analysis
What is considered the most dangerous to a patient?
Not properly Labeling the tubes
What does Hemolysis Mean?
Red blood cells are destroyed
What does a Lipid panel require?
12 hour Fasting
Amonia Test (tube,additive,Lab, Special handling)
Green,Lithium Heparin ,Chemistry, Ice Slurry
Lactate Test (tube,additive,Lab, Special handling)
Gray, Potassium OxalateChemistry, NO Tourniquet
Heavy Metal Testing (tube,additive,Lab)
Royal Blue, EDTASend Out Lab
Immuno-Hemotology is now know as what?
Blood Bank
If you get Serum in your eye what procedures do you take?
Eye wash for 15min, Fill out an Incident report and go to Employee Health
What are the Main components of the Circulatory System?
Heart, Vascular System, Blood,Hemostasis &Coagulation,Lymphatic systems
What are the Functions of the Circulatory System?
Carries oxygen and food to cells and carries carbon dioxide away, aids in coagulation,Runs the heart(cardiac cycle), circulates blood through out the body, removes micro-organisms and impurities
what is the thin outer layer of the heart?
Epicardium
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
Epicardiummyocardiumendocardium
What is the main Component of RBC?
Hemoglobin
What Color tube and Lab for Leukocytosis?
Lavender and Hemotology
What Color tube and Lab for Liver enzymes?
Red,Green,Gold,Tiger(SST)Chemistry
Why is venous blood brighter then arterial blood?
More Oxygen in the blood
What creates RBC?
Bone marrow
What is the smallest vein?
venules
An enzyme and CK test can diagnose what?
Heart Attack
what are the 3 phases of Coagulation?
1.Initiation2.Amplification3.Propagation
What phase is Factor V(5)?
Initiation & Amplification
Paternity Test (Color Tube, Additive,and Department)
Yellow ACD Blood Bank
The Joint Commisions Sentinel Event QI program policy is designed to do
-Identify unfavorable events for immediate investigation-improve the safety of patients in healthcare institutions-prevent unfavorable events from happening again
What is NOT a phlebotomist's duty
Starting intravenous lines (IV)
Patient care services will be assigned a code for reimbursement using which national coding system
CPT
Discussing a patients condition with another person or employee is an example of
Invasion of privacy
Malpractice is a claim of
Improper treatment
Blood Bank
Immunohematology
Example of negative kinesics
Frowning