Post 1991 Political Challenges And Nationalism After Wwi Flashcards
Boris Yeltsin
Was the first President of the Russian Federation from 1991 to 1999. The Yeltsin era was a traumatic period in Russian historyâa period marked by widespread corruption, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems. In June 1991 Yeltsin came to power on a wave of high expectations. On June 12 Yeltsin was elected president of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic with 57% of the vote, becoming the first popularly elected president in Russian history.
Shock Therapy
Policies in formerly communist countries that envisage as rapid a shift to a market economy as possible.
1998 Financial Crisis
Resulted in the near collapse of the Russian banking system; Russia defaulted on its foreign creditors, and its currency collapsed.
Crimean Crisis
International crisis in 2014-2015 between Russia and Ukraine over control of Crimean Peninsula.
Ukraine Crisis
Russia threatening to take over Ukraine.
Ethnic Cleansing
Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.
Slobodan Milosevic
He became the leader of Yugoslavia in 1987 and then waged a war against both Croatia and Bosnia during the 1990s - this conflict also marked the first direct military action waged by NATO.
Dayton Agreement
Peace agreement signed in 1995 that ended the Bosnian civil war and established the grounds for an independent Bosnia and a Serbian Republic.
Kosovo
Region of Yugoslavia that had autonomy until Milosovic attempted to crush the Albanian group with ethnic cleansing; 1999 NATO used military strikes against Yugoslavia until the crisis came to an end in 1999.
Indian National Congress
A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964).
Ho Chi Minh
1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable.
Dien Bien Phu
A town of northwest Vietnam near the Laos border. The French military base here fell to Vietminh troops on May 7, 1954, after a 56-day siege, leading to the end of France's involvement in Indochina.
Balfour Declaration
British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI.
Gamal Abdel Nasser
He led the coup which toppled the monarchy of King Farouk and started a new period of modernization and socialist reform in Egypt.
Mao Mao
Founder of the CCP who organized many peasants in China and unified them with his strong beliefs in Communism. He developed a guerilla army and Soviet-style government. Mao reinterpreted many of the traditional Marxist concepts, and applied them to many of the poor, agricultural areas. The CCP had many confrontations with the KMT, lead by Chiang Kai-shek. Even though the KMT was better equipped with more weapons and people, the CCP withstood their attacks with their guerilla warfare and support from many peasants. In 1936, the CCP was able to establish its headquarters in a small area named Yenan. It was conveniently placed far away from Chiang's army and it was close to the Soviet Union.
Irish Republican Army
A militant organization of Irish nationalists who used terrorism and guerilla warfare in an effort to drive British forces from Northern Ireland and achieve a united independent Ireland.
Madrid Train Bombings
Heightened hostility against immigrants.
Charlie Hebdo
French magazine that was subject of a terrorist attack as a result of the publication of Muhammad cartoons.
November Paris Attacks, 2015
By ISIL. Left 130 dead and 368 injured; a three-month state of emergency in France ensued.