Psychology: Memory Flashcards
Memory
Process by which we recall experiences, information, and skills.
Semantic Encoding
Encoding of meaning.
encoding
The translation of information into a form for future use.
storage
Stores memories and makes them available for future use.
retrieval
Locates stored information and returns it to conscious thought.
rehearsal
Repeated repetition of information to help the learning process.
sensory memory
The first memory store -- the immediate, initial recording of data.
short-term memory
Sometimes called working memory -- when information is stored for 10-12 seconds.
long-term memory
Memory stored more than briefly and encoded through rehearsal.
echoic memory
Sensory register of mental traces of sound
iconic memory
Sensory register of accurate, photographic images (visual).
chunking
Organization of items into familiar or manageable units.
mnemonic devices
A sentence or acronym that helps us to memorize a string of words.
serial position effect
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list more easily.
Recall
Retrieval in which you must search for information that you previously stored.
Recognition
Retrieval in which you must identify items you learned earlier.
Retroactive interference
When a more recent memory disrupts the recall of an older memory.
Repression
The process of moving anxiety-producing memories to the unconscious mind. Freud psychoanalytic theory.
Schema
Packets of information that we have about previous, similar events that we use when making sense of similar events.
Standardised procedure
Where the procedure of a study is the same across all conditions.
Reductionism
The theory of explaining something according to its basic parts.
Serial Reproduction
A technique where participants are asked to recall something again and again.
Ecological validity
The extent to which the results of a study can explain different situations.
Omission
When we leave out unfamiliar, irrelevant or unpleasant details when remembering something.
Anterograde Amnesia
When new long-term memories cannot be made.