Psychology Memory Flashcards
Working memory
The ability to hold information in mind for a brief time and work with it.
Sematic memory
Your storehouse of more or less permanent knowledge.
Episodic memory
The ability to remember the episodes of your life
Autobiographical memory
Memory for the events of one's life.
Collective memory
The kind of memory that people in a group share (whether family, community, schoolmates, citizens of a state or a country).
Encoding
The initial experience of perceiving and learning events
Three Stages of the Learning/Memory Process
EncodingStorageRetrieval
Types of memories
WorkingSemanticEpisodicCollective
Distinctiveness
The principle that unusual events (in a context of similar events) will be recalled and recognized better than uniform (non-distinctive) events.
Recoding
Taking information from one form and converting it in a way that makes sense to us
Mnemonic devices
A strategy for remembering large amounts of information, usually involving imaging events occurring on a journey or with some other set of memorized cues.
Pragmatic inferences
refer to instances when something is not explicitly stated, but we are still able to guess the undisclosed intention
Storage
The stage in the learning/memory process that bridges encoding and retrieval; the persistence of memory over time
Memory trace /engram
indicating the change in the nervous system representing an event
Consolidation
The process occurring after encoding that is believed to stabilize memory traces
Retention interval
time between learning and testing
Retroactive interference
The phenomenon whereby events that occur after some particular event of interest will usually cause forgetting of the original event
Proactive interference
past memories interfere with the encoding of new ones
Misinformation effect
incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
Storage decay/forgetting
where information in storage becomes forgotten
Retrieval
The process of accessing stored information.
Available information
information that is stored in memory
Accessible information
what information we can retrieve
Misremembering
process of false recall or false recognition
Recognition Failure of Recallable Words
cue will be most effective depending on how the information has been encoded
Encoding specificity principle
The effectiveness of retrieval cues
Production Tests
Generation of studied info
Recognition Tests
Selection of studied info from aggregate info