Python Flashcards ionicons-v5-c

algorithm

A set of specific steps for solving a category of problems

comment

in a program that is meant for other programmers (or anyone reading the source code) and has no effect on the execution of the program

high-level language

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

print

A function used in a program or script that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on its output device.

runtime error

An error that does not occur until the program has started to execute but that prevents the program from continuing.

semantic error

An error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended.

semantic

the meaning of a program

syntax

The structure of a program

syntax error

An error in a program that makes it impossible to parse — and therefore impossible to interpret.

string

contains a string of letters

variable

name that refers to a value

assignment statement

gives value to a variable

statement

instruction that the Python interpreter can execute

operators

special tokens that represent computations like addition, multiplication and division

evaluate

To simplify an expression by performing the operations in order to yield a single value.

int

A Python data type that holds positive and negative whole numbers

float

A Python data type which stores floating-point numbers. Floating-point numbers are stored internally in two parts: a base and an exponent. When printed in the standard format, they look like decimal numbers

flow of execution

The order in which statements are executed during a program run.

function

A named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. Functions may or may not take parameters and may or may not produce a result

local variable

A variable defined inside a function. A local variable can only be used inside its function. Parameters of a function are also a special kind of local variable.

boolean function

A function that returns a Boolean value. The only possible values of the bool type are False and True.

block

A group of consecutive statements with the same indentation.

boolean expression

An expression that is either true or false.

conditional statement

A statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition. In Python the keywords if, elif, and else are used for conditional statements.

conditional statement

One program structure within another, such as a conditional statement inside a branch of another conditional statement

dictionary

A collection of key/value pairs that maps from keys to values.

exception

Raised by the runtime system if something goes wrong while the program is running.

file

A named entity, usually stored on a hard drive, floppy disk, or CD-ROM, that contains a stream of characters.

format operator

The % operator takes a format string and a tuple of values and generates a string by inserting the data values into the format string at the appropriate locations.

sequence

A data type that is made up of elements organized linearly, with each element accessed by an integer index.

str

converts to a string

argument

a value provided to a function when the function is called. This value is assigned to the corresponding parameter in the function.

integer division

An operation that divides one integer by another and yields an integer. Integer division yields only the whole number of times that the numerator is divisible by the denominator and discards any remainder.

element

One of the values in a list (or other sequence). The bracket operator selects elements of a list.

module

A file containing definitions and statementsintended to be imported by other programs.

What type of loop structure repeats the code a specific number of times

Count-controlled loop

What type of loop structure repeats the code based on the value of the Boolean expression

Condition-controlled loop

What is the format for the while clause in Python

while condition : statement

The variable used to keep the running total

Accumulator

_____ is the process of inspecting data that has been input to a program to make sure it is valid before it is used in a computation.

Input validation

What is the structure that causes a statement or a set of statements to execute repeatedly?

Repetition

When will the following loop terminate?while keep_on_going != 999 :

When keep_on_going refers to a value not equal to 999

In Python, a comma-separated sequence of data items that are enclosed in a set of brackets is called a _____.

list

In Python, the variable in the for clause is referred to as the _____ because it is the target of an assignment at the beginning of each loop iteration.

Target Variable

Which of the following represents an example to calculate the sum of the numbers (accumulator)?

total += number

True/False: A better way to repeatedly perform an operation is to write the statements for the task once, and then place the statements in a loop that will repeat the statements as many times as necessary.

True

True/False: In flowcharting, the decision structure and the repetition structure both use the diamond symbol to represent the condition that is tested.

True

True/False: The first line in the while loop is referred to as the condition clause.

True

True/False: In Python, an infinite loop usually occurs when the computer accesses the wrong memory address.

False

A(n) ?? structure causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly.

Repetition

A(n) ??-controlled loop causes a statement or set of statements to repeat as long as a condition is true.

Condition

In Python, you would use the ?? statement to write a count-controlled loop.

For

A(n) ?? validation loop is sometimes called an error trap or an error handler.

Input

The ?? function is a built-in function that generates a list of integer values.

Range

Programs are commonly referred to as

software

Which of the following is considered to be the world's first programmable electronic computer

ENIAC

Where does a computer store a program and the data that the program is working with while the program is running?

Main memory

What type of volatile memory is usually used only for temporary storage while running a program?

RAM

True/False: The CPU understands instructions written in a binary machine language.

True

True/False: RAM is a volatile memory used for temporary storage while a program is running.

True

A(n) _______________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

program

The term _______________ refers to all of the physical devices that a computer is made of.

hardware

The _______________ is the part of a computer that actually runs programs and is the most important component in a computer.

cpu

Main memory is commonly known as _______________.

RAM

The Python _______________ is a program that can read Python programming statements and execute them.

interpreter

In _______________ mode, the interpreter reads the contents of a file that contains Python statements and executes each statement.

script

What type of error produces incorrect results but does not prevent the program from running?

logic

The program development cycle is made up of _____ steps that are repeated until no errors can be found in the program.

3

What is the informal language that programmers use to create models of programs that have no syntax rules and are not meant to be compiled or executed?

pseudocode

The _____ function reads a piece of data that has been entered at the keyboard and returns that piece of data, as a string, back to the program.

input

The line continuation character is a _____.

\

In a print statement, you can set the _____ argument to a space or empty string to stop the output from advancing to a new line.

end

After the execution of the following statement, the variable sold will reference the numeric literal value as a(n) _____ data type: sold = 256.752

float

After the execution of the following statement, the variable price will reference the value _____. price = int(68.549)

68

The _____ built-in function is used to read a number that has been typed on the keyboard.

input()

True/False: Python allows programmers to break a statement into multiple lines.

True

True/False: Python formats all floating-point numbers to two decimal places when outputting using the print statement.

False

True/False: Computer programs typically perform three steps: Input is received, some process is performed on the input, and output is produced.

True

True/False: In Python, print statements written on separate lines do not necessarily output on separate lines.

True

True/False: The \t escape character causes the output to skip over to the next horizontal tab.

True

_______________ are notes of explanation that document lines or sections of a program.

comments

The _______________ specifier is a special set of characters that specify how a value should be formatted.

formatting

A(n) _______________ is a name that represents a value stored in the computer's memory.

variable

Python uses _______________ to categorize values in memory.

data types

A(n) _____ structure is a logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements execute.

control

When using the _____ operator, one or both subexpressions must be true for the compound expression to be true.

Or

Boolean variable can reference one of two values: _____.

true or false

True/False: The Python language is not sensitive to block structuring of code.

False

True/False: Python allows you to compare strings, but it is not case sensitive.

False

True/False: Nested decision structures are one way to test more than one condition.

True

True/False: Expressions that are tested by the if statement are called Boolean expressions.

True

True/False: An action in a single alternative decision structure is performed only when the condition is true.

True

The _______________ statement is used to create a decision structure.

If

In flowcharting, the _______________ symbol is used to represent a Boolean expression.

diamond

In a decision structure, the action is _______________ executed because it is performed only when a certain condition is true.

conditionally

A(n) _______________ statement will execute one block of statements if its condition is true, or another block if its condition is false.

if/else

Python provides a special version of a decision structure known as the _______________ statement, which makes the logic of the nested decision structure simpler to write

if elif else

A(n) _______________ expression is made up of two or more Boolean expressions.

compound